CHP 12 Electricity (Lec-4)

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LECTURE 4

Circuit of television

To make drawing
of
circuits easy
Lets learn
Electrical
Symbols
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS
+ - Measuring
Instruments
Ce
ll Variable+known
- Resistance
+V -
+ - A
AmmeterVoltmeter
Resistance
+ -
Batt G
KEYS /
ery Galvanometer
SWITCHES
Plug Tap
(. )
key key
Closed
(On) Closed
(On)
Variable
() Resistanc
Open(Off) Open(Off) e
A wire joint

Wire
crossing

Electric bulb
+symbols
Draw the – + – to
of components required +A –
make the circuit
Cell Resistance Battery Ammeter

IT’S TEST TIME +V – +G –

Variable Variable
Voltmeter Galvanometer
Resistance Resistance
(Unknown) (known)
(.
)
Plug key(on) Tap key (on) A wire joint Electric bulb

(
)
Plug key(off) Tap key (off) Wire crossing
SOME IMPORTANT POINTS TO
REMEMBER
+ -
While connecting cells to each other always connect
unlike terminals.

+ -
A
For devices like ammeter or voltmeter, the side from
which current enters is positive (+) and the side from
+ - current exits is negative (-).
V
SOME IMPORTANT POINTS TO
REMEMBER

+ – – +
A ( )
Ammeter As the current in
is connected in series
It
Soisthe
made from
current ita the cell.
circuit is not
material
allowshaving
is with the
infinite resistance
negligible or + divided

almost zero V
So So it allows
it doesn’t
It has very
almostthe
disturb
low
entire
current A
current to pass
resistance as
as well B
measures the current
+ – – +
As the current in A ( )
the circuit is
Voltmete divided
Ammeter Voltmeter is connected in parallel
r with the cell.
How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit to
Q.1.measure the potential difference between two
points?
Ans. :To measure the potential difference between two
points, voltmeter must always be connected in
parallel to the points.
What happens if an ammeter is connected in
Q.2.parallel?
Ans. :If an ammeter is connected in parallel, the
resultant resistance of the circuit decreases and
more current passes through the ammeter. Hence,
the ammeter is likely to be burnt.
What happens if a voltmeter is connected in
Q.3.series?
Ans. :When the voltmeter is connected is series, the
resistance of the circuit becomes high and there
is considerable fall in current through the circuit.
Thus, the voltmeter will not give the correct
reading of the potential difference.
How many mistakes can you find in
this diagram

+ -
V
A

- + + -
A
V ( )
Experimental verification of Ohm’s law
+ – V
V a I and = R (Constant)
I
4 I Line

3 ar (6,
+ A 3)
2 (4,
+ – 2)
V
Nichrome wire 1 (2,
NoLength :3m
of I (A) P.D V 1)
= R
Diameter : 0.02
Cells (V) cm
I (Ω) O 2 4 6 8 V
1 1 2 2
2 2 4 2
3 3 6 2
Thank You

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