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Lesson 10 Hihi

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Rhol John Cueme
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12 views22 pages

Lesson 10 Hihi

Uploaded by

Rhol John Cueme
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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information

processing
theory
Information
Processing
is a cognitive theoretical
framework that focuses on how
knowledge enters and is stored
and retrieved from our memory. it
was one of the most significant
cognitive theories in the last
century and it has strong
implications on the teaching-
learning process.
Information
Processing
theory
describes how the learner receives
information from the environment
through the senses and what takes
place in between determines
whether the information will
continue to pass through the
sensory register, then the short
term memory and the long term
memory.
TYPES
OF
KNOWLEDG
E:
GENERAL VS SPECIFIC:
this involves whether the knowledge useful in many
tasks, or only in one. many tasks, or only in one.

DECLARATIVE:
this refers to factual knowledge. They relate to the
nature of how things are. They may be in the form of a
word or an image.
PROCEDURAL:
this includes knowledge on how to do things.
EPISODIC:
this includes memories of life events,

CONDITIONAL:
this is about “knowing when and why” to apply
declarative or procedural strategies.
STAGES IN THE
INFORMATION
PROCESSING
THEORY
ENCODING:
information is sensed, perceived, and attended to.

STORAGE:
the information is stored for either a brief or
extended period of time, depending upon the process
following encoding.
RETRIEVAL:
the information is brought back at the appropriate time,
and reactivated for use on a current task, the true
measure of eff ective memory.
SENSORY
REGISTER
CAPACITY:
our mind receives a great amount of information but
it is more than what our minds can hold or perceive.

DURATION: the sensory register only holds the


information for an extremely brief- in order of 1-3
seconds.
THE ROLE OF
ATTENTION
To bring information
into consciousness, it is
necessary that we give
attention to it.
SHORT TERM MEMORY
(STM OR WORKING
MEMORY)
CAPACITY:
the STM can only hold 5-9 chunks of
information, sometimes describes as 7+/-
2. it is called working memory because it
is where new information is temporarily
placed while it is mentally processed.

Duration:
around 18 seconds or less * To reduce the
loss of information in 18 seconds, you
need to do
LONG TERM
MEMORY
CAPACITY:
LTM has unlimited capacity

DURATION:
duration in the LTM is indefi nite
EXECUTIVE
CONTROL
PROCESSES
The executive control
processes involve the
executive processor or what is
referred to as metacognitive
skills.
FORGETTI
NGinability to retrieve or
The
access information when
needed.
Decay:
information is not attended to,
and eventually fades away. Very
prevalent in working memory.

Interference:
new or old information blocks
access to the information in
question.
METHODS FOR
INCREASING
RETRIEVAL OF
INFORMATION
Rehearsal
- this is repeating information verbatim, either mentally or aloud.

Meaningful Learning
- this is making connections between new information and prior
knowledge.

Organization
- it is making connections among various pieces of information. Info that
is organized effi ciently should be recalled.

Elaboration
- this is adding additional ideas to new information based on what one
already knows. It is connecting new info with old, to gain meaning.
Visual Imagery
- this means forming a picture of the information

Generation
- things we produce are easier to remember than things we hear.

Context
- remembering the situation helps recover information.

Personalization
- it is making the information relevant to the individual.
OTHER
MEMORY
METHODS
Serial Position Eff ect (recency and primacy)
- you will remember the beginning and end of “list” most readily.

Part Learning
- break up the list or chunk information to increase memorization

Distributed Practice
- break up learning sessions, rather than cramming all the info in at once
(massed practice)

Mnemonic Aids
- these are memory techniques that learners may employ to help them
retain and retrieve information more eff ectively. This includes the loci
techniques, acronyms, sentence construction, peg-word and association
techniques, among other.
Thank
you very
much

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