LET’S REVIEW

Lesson 2:
CULTURAL AND SOCIO-
POLITICAL EVOLUTION:
FROM HUNTING AND
GATHERING TO THE
AGRICULTURAL,
INDUSTRIAL, AND POST-
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS
 Map Reading
a.What continents and regions are being
shown in the map?
b.What can you say about the colored part of
the map?
c.What are your insights/prior knowledge
about each?
 01 | Dogs 02 | Cats 03 |
Elephants
We will talk We will talk about Then, we will
about this first. this second. talk about this.

04 | 05 | Pandas 06 | Koalas
Kangaroos
After that we will We will also talk And we will talk
talk about this. about this. about this last.
What is civilization?
The stage of human and cultural development
and organization that is considered advance.
The process by which a society or place
reaches an advanced stage of social and
cultural development and organization.
5
Features of
Civilization
1.Cities
2.Writing
3.Specialization
4.Government
5.Religion
 Civilized societies
were urban societies,
for civilization
developed in cities.
They were larger and
more complex than
villages. They had
palaces, temples,
markets, workshops,
and homes.
CITIES
 Written language
enabled people to
preserve, organize
and expand their
knowledge. It made it
easier for government
officials, priests, and
merchants to carry
out their duties.

WRITING
 Civilized societies were
specialist-artisan,
merchants, priests,
record-keepers,
government officials,
farmers. In exchange for
the food they got from
the villages, city dwellers
supplied farmers with
good manufactured in
SPECIALIZATION the city.
 In civilized societies
government
became more
organized. There
were rulers who
issued laws and
officials to carry
them out.

Government
 Civilized societies had
organized religions
with a powerful,
trained, and wealthy
priesthood. From the
priesthood, people
derived their values
and attitudes toward
life.

Religion
 Earliest
Civilization: Fertile
Crescent
 Did you know?
The emergence of Civilization,
Kottak (2009) states that most
ancient civilizations have been
studied by archeologist rather than
historians because those
civilizations evolved before the
advent of writing. The earliest
Neolithic societies were egalitarian-
people did not differ much in
The Cradles of Civilization
Is the term that refers to
civilization that emerged
independently. All of these
civilizations developed
around rivers, it provided
enough water for large-scale
agriculture, enabling people
to abandon a hunter gatherer
lifestyle and to grow and
store surplus food.
Tigris-Euphrates River Civilization of
Mesopotamia- The most known
ancient civilization was in
Mesopotamia, in a region which lies in
modern Iraq. It is sometimes called the
Fertile Crescent because it is a
crescent-shape area between Tigris and
Euphrates river.
Add your text here.
The Fertile Crescent is the region in the Middle East
which curves, likes a quarter-moon shape, from the
Persian Gulf, through modern-day southern Iraq,
Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Northern Egypt.
It contains comparatively moist and fertile land.
The region is often called the “cradle of civilization”
which saw the development of some of the earliest
human civilizations.
Mesopotamia—the land "between the rivers" in
modern-day Iraq—was home to the ancient
Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. Among their
many achievements are the creation of the earliest
known script (cuneiform), the formation of the first
cities, the development of advanced astronomical
and mathematical knowledge, and spectacular
artistic and literary accomplishments. The exhibition
covers three millennia, from the first cities in about
3200 BC to Alexander the Great’s conquest of
Babylon in 331 BC.
The Nile Valley Civilization of
Egypt. Egypt was known as the
“Gift of the Nile because the
annual flooding of the Nile” made
possible for agriculture on which
Egyptian civilizations was based.
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The Nile River Valley allows a
desolate and baron desert
land to sustain human
civilization. The annual
flooding of the river allowed
the Egyptians to plant crops.
The Nile also provided
transportation along the
river, which increased trade.
The Yellow River Civilization of
China. In 3000 B.C. the Yellow
River Valley was settled by
farmers. Chinese legends holds
that Xia dynasty arose and
flourished during the prehistoric
period.
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 Add your title here.
Something Something Something
about this. about that. about this.

Far far away, behind Far far away, behind Far far away, behind
the word mountains, the word mountains, the word mountains,
far from the far from the far from the
countries Vokalia and countries Vokalia and countries Vokalia and
Consonantia, there Consonantia, there Consonantia, there
live the blind texts. live the blind texts. live the blind texts.
Indus Valley Civilization of India.
The ancient civilization of the
Indus Valley, located in modern
Pakistan, is unique because
unlike the continuously existing
civilization of Mesopotamia,
Egypt and China it rose and fell,
leaving only mysterious ruins to
testify to its existence.
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Important innovations of this
civilization include standardized
weights and measures, seal
carving, and metallurgy with
copper, bronze, lead, and tin.
Little is understood about the
Indus script, and as a result,
little is known about the Indus
River Valley Civilization's
institutions and systems of
governance
DEMOCRATIZATION
According to (Shively of 2005) states
that democracy is a states in which all
fully qualified citizens vote at regular
intervals to choose, from among
alternative candidates, the people who
will be charge of setting the state’s
policies. Democracy comes from the
Greek word demokratia: demos
meaning “people” and kratia meaning
“government”. Therefore, democracy is
“government of the people”
 Output No.1
Make a photo essay of artifacts and
fossils that serve as factual evidence of
the existence of civilizations. Present it
with description, on how this artifact
contributed/helped the present society.
Thank you!