5 steps of disaster

preparedness
 1.Preparedness
The best way to address a disaster is by being
proactive. This means identifying potential hazards
and devising safeguards to mitigate their impact.
Although this stage in the cycle involves putting
permanent measures into place that can help
minimize disaster risk, it’s important to
acknowledge that disasters can’t always be
prevented.
Prevention involves scenarios such as the
following:
• Implementing an evacuation plan in a school, for
example, showing teachers how to lead students to
safety in the event of a tornado or fire
• Planning and designing a city in a way that minimizes
the risk of flooding, for example, with the use of locks,
dams or channels to divert water away from populous
areas
 2.Mitigation
Mitigation aims to minimize the loss of human
life that would result from a disaster. Both
structural and nonstructural measures may be
taken.
 • A structural measure means changing the physical
characteristics of a building or an environment to curb the
effects of a disaster. For example, clearing trees away
from a house can ensure that dangerous storms don’t
knock down the trees and send them crashing into homes
and public buildings.
• Nonstructural measures involve adopting or amending
building codes to optimize safety for all future building
construction.
 3.Preparedness
Preparedness is an ongoing process in which individuals,
communities, businesses and organizations can plan and
train for what they’ll do in the event of a disaster.
Preparedness is defined by ongoing training, evaluating
and corrective action, ensuring the highest level of
readiness.
Fire drills, active-shooter drills and evacuation rehearsals
are all good examples of the preparedness stage.
 4.Response
Response is what happens after the disaster occurs.
It involves both short- and long-term responses.
Ideally, the disaster-management leader will
coordinate the use of resources (including
personnel, supplies and equipment) to help restore
personal and environmental safety, as well as to
minimize the risk of any additional property
damage.
 4.Response
During the response stage, any ongoing hazards are
removed from the area; for example, in the
aftermath of a wildfire, any lingering fires will be put
out, and areas that pose a high flammability risk will
be stabilized.
 5.Recovery
The fifth stage in the disaster-management cycle is
recovery. This can take a long time, sometimes years or
decades. For example, some areas in New Orleans have
yet to fully recover from Hurricane Katrina in 2005. It
involves stabilizing the area and restoring all essential
community functions. Recovery requires prioritization:
first, essential services like food, clean water, utilities,
transportation and healthcare will be restored, with less-
essential services being prioritized later.
 5.Recovery
Ultimately, this stage is about helping individuals,
communities, businesses and organizations return to
normal or a new normal depending on the impact of
the disaster.
Monitoring and
j

Evaluation plan
 After an emergency response take
place, monitoring and evaluation (M&E)
comes in. An indicator of a successful
response is to see the quick recovery of
the affected community.
 Monitoring is a routine that is done to
collect information on any activity. It
provides an idea whether things are still
according to plan. It is useful in
identifying and solving problems.
Meanwhile, evaluation seeks to know
whether the activity is achieving its
goals and to understand how and why
certain intervention works.
 Early warning systems
An early warning system (EWS) is the provision of information
about an imminent hazard that is likely to affect a community. This
may be in various forms of communication (e.g., sound, symbol,
letter, etc.) that can be easily and immediately understood by all
stakeholders. The EWS should be short, distinct, and clear so as not
to be confused with ordinary communication that does not require
urgent action.
 A picture taken inside the
Mandaue City Disaster Risk
Reduction Management Office
where the river eye
equipment is used to monitor
the changes in the water
level of the city’s creeks and
rivers
 Role of
government
and citizens
towards
managing
Prepared by: Justin Viel Q.
Lubong

disaster
 Relevant laws on drrm
According to UNDRR, the Hyogo World Conference, also known as the
World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR), happened in Kobe,
Hyogo, Japan in January 2005. Subsequent to the Hyogo World
Conference and amidst the prevalence of natural hazards here and
there, at least six laws to date have now emerged and have been
instantly executed to guide and direct efforts to mitigate disasters in
the Philippines. These laws include the following:
 1.Climate Change Act of
2009 (RA 9729)
Generally, the law recognizes the
constitutional right of the people to have a
cleaner environment. It mandates the
formulation and implementation of plans and
strategies that would lower the vulnerability
of local communities, especially the most
vulnerable sectors of the society such as the
poor, women, and children.
 2. The People’s Survival
Fund Act of 2009 (RA
10174)
This law was established to help achieve the
objectives of the climate change adaptation
programs. The initial fund for the People’s
Survival Fund (PSF) was set to 1 Billion per
year, but this could be: adjusted depending
on the availability of sources and the
anticipated need for the year.
 3.The Philippine Disaster
Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010
Following this (RA
law is 10121)
the birth of the National
Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council
(NDRRMC).
 Parts of a Tornado
Cumulonimbus Cloud
Spiral Updraft

Funnel Cloud

Spiral Inflow Debris Cloud

The Eye
The Eye Wall
 Hurricanes
A hurricane is a tropical
storm system that Is
characterized by strong
winds. They form over bodies
of water and rotate rapidly.
 Hurricane
Category 1 Categories
Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5

• 74-95 MPH Winds • 96-110 MPH Winds • 111-129 MPH Winds • 130-156 MPH Winds • >156 MPH Winds
• Some damage • Major damage • Devastating • Catastrophic • Catastrophic
• Potential roof • Major roof damage damage damage damage
damage • Power is likely to be • Major home damage • Severe home • Many homes will be
• Power is likely to be effects for several • Power and water will damage destroyed
effects for several days be effected possibly • Power and water will • Power and water will
days for days possible be effected possible be effected
to weeks for weeks to months for weeks to months
 Thunderstorm
Hazards
Flooding Lightning Tornados

Lightning
Hail Wind
Induced Wildfires