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Types of Variables

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32 views8 pages

Types of Variables

zxxzx, xsxsx mx mss xms xxms ms xx

Uploaded by

vihaan.sachan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Sem I)

VARIABLE- Types?
(Session 1)

SONAL PUROHIT, Ph.D.


Associate Professor (Marketing Area)
SIBM-NAGPUR
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Sem I)

Each person/thing we collect data on is observation

Observation possess variety of characteristics

Is the observation is same for every member it is called constant

If the observation differs it is called variable


RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Sem I)

What is a variable?

Concept or abstract idea that can be described in measurable terms

These terms can be characteristics, qualities, traits or attributes of individual, object


or situation.

Anything that varies can be a variable (e.g., age)

Variable is something that can also be controlled for.


RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Sem I)

TYPES

Independent Dependent Moderator

Special type of independent


variable
Can be manipulated Outcome variables
Or controlled Affects the relationship of
Independent with dependent variab
Presumed or possible causes Changes on account of
independent variable
Measured to see if it modifies
The relationship
Presumed result/ effect
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Sem I)

Continuous variables

If the value of a variable can be divided in fractions it is continuous


variable.

It can take infinite no. of values, e.g., income, temperature, age.

These can take values within a given range or in some cases infinite set.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Sem I)

Discontinuous variables

The variable that has limited distinct values and cannot be divided into fractions.

Also known as categorical or discrete variable.

When these have only two values they are dichotomous.

When these have three values they are trichotomous.


RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Sem I)

Extraneous variables

Variables that may affect research but not have been considered are
extraneous variables.

Such variables exist in all studies and can affect the relationships.

Extraneous variables that cannot be controlled in the study are referred


to as confounding variables.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Sem I)

Control variables

Characteristics of the objects under study that are left unchanged are
constant or control variables.

These are not measured in study but must be held constant so that do
have biasing effect on other variables.

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