Good day Grade 8😉

PRAYER
 Computer
4 Hardware
Review!
Objectives:

a. Define what is hardware

b. Identify the hardware parts of
the computer
c. List down the internal
hardware and storage devices
of computer
 Computer Hardware

-is the physical part of a

computer, as distinguished from
the computer software that
executes or runs on the
hardware. The hardware of a
computer is infrequently
changed, while software and data
are modified frequently.

The term soft refers to readily

created, modified, or erased.
These are unlike the physical
components within the computer
When you think of the term computer hardware you
probably think of the guts inside your personal
computer at home or the one in your classroom.
However, computer hardware does not specifically
refer to personal computers. Instead, it is all types of
computer systems.

Computer hardware is in embedded systems in

automobiles, microwave ovens, CD players, DVD
players, and many more devices.

In 2003, only 0.2% of all microprocessors sold were for

personal computers. How many other things in your
house or your classroom use computer hardware?
Motherboard

▸ The motherboard is the body or mainframe of

the computer, through which all other
components interface. It is the central circuit
board making up a complex electronic
system.

▸ A motherboard provides the electrical

connections by which the other components
of the system communicate. The mother
board includes many components such as:
central processing unit (CPU), random access
memory (RAM), firmware, and internal and
The Motherboard
Central Processing Unit

The Central Processing Unit (CPU; sometimes just

called processor) is a machine that can execute
computer programs. It is sometimes referred to as
the brain of the computer.

CPUs are built by placing billions of microscopic

transistors onto a single computer chip. Those
transistors allow it to make the calculations it
needs to run programs that are stored on your
system’s memory. They’re effectively minute
gates that switch on or off, thereby conveying the
ones or zeros that translate into everything you
do with the device, be it watching videos or
writing an email.
At its core, a CPU takes
instructions from a program or
application and performs a
calculation. This process
breaks down into three key
stages: Fetch, decode, and
execute. A CPU fetches the
instruction from RAM, decodes
what the instruction is, and
then executes the instruction
using relevant parts of the
CPU.
Random Access Memory

Random access memory (RAM) is fast-access

memory that is cleared when the computer is
power-down. RAM attaches directly to the
motherboard, and is used to store programs that
are currently running. RAM is a set of integrated
circuits that allow the stored data to be accessed in
any order (why it is called random).
There are many different types of RAM. Distinctions
between these different types include: writable vs.
read-only, static vs. dynamic, volatile vs. non-
volatile, etc.
Power Supply

The power supply as its name might suggest is the

device that supplies power to all the components in the
computer. Its case holds a transformer, voltage control,
and (usually) a cooling fan. The power supply converts
about 100-120 volts of AC power to low-voltage DC
power for the internal components to use. The most
common computer power supplies are built to conform
with the ATX form factor. This enables different power
supplies to be interchangeable with different
components inside the computer.
ATX power supplies also are designed to turn
on and off using a signal from the
motherboard and provide support for modern
functions such as standby mode.
Removable Media Devices

If your putting something in your computer and

taking it out is most likely a form of removable
media. There are many different removable
media devices. The most popular are probably CD
and DVD drives which almost every computer
these days has at least one of. There are some
new disc drives such as Blu-ray which can hold a
much larger amount of information then normal
CDs or DVDs.
One type of removable media which is becoming
less popular is floppy disk.
Compact Disc

CDs are the most common type of removable media. They

are inexpensive but also have short life-span. There are a
few different kinds of CDs. CD-ROM which stands for
Compact Disc read-only memory are popularly used to
distribute computer software although any type of data
can be stored on them. CD-R is another variation which
can only be written to once but can be read many times.
CD-RW (rewritable) can be written to more than once as
well as read more than once. Some other types of CDs
which are not as popular include Super Audio CD (SACD),
Video Compact Discs (VCD), Super Video Compact Discs
(SVCD), PhotoCD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced CD.
DVD

DVDs (digital versatile discs) are another popular optical

disc storage media format. The main uses for DVDs are
video and data storage. Most DVDs are of the same
dimensions as compact discs. Just like CDs there are
many different variations. DVD-ROM has data which can
only be read and not written.

DVD-Video and DVD-Audio discs respectively refer to

properly formatted and structured video and audio
content. The devices that use DVDs are very similar to
the devices that use CDs.

There is a DVD-ROM drive as well as a DVD writer that

work the same way as a CD-ROM drive and CD writer.
There is also a DVD-RAM drive that reads and writes to
Floppy Disk

A floppy disk is a type of data storage that is composed

of a disk of thin, flexible(“floppy”) magnetic storage
medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell.
Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive.
Floppy disks are a dying and being replaced by the
optical and flash drives.
Many new computers do not come with floppy drives
anymore but there are a lot of older ones with floppy
drives lying around.
While floppy disks are very cheap the amount of storage
on them compared to the amount of storage for the
price of flash drives makes floppy disks unreasonable to
use.
Floppy Disk
 Internal Storage

Internal storage is hardware that keeps data

inside the computer for later use and remains
persistent even when the computer has no power.
There are a few different types of internal storage.
Hard disks are the most popular type of internal
storage. Solid-state drives have grown in
popularity slowly. A disk array controller is popular
when you need more storage then a single hard
disk can hold.
 Hard Disk Drive

A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile storage

device which stores digitally encoded data on
rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Just
about every new computer comes with a hard disk
these days unless it comes with a new solid-state
drive. Typical desktop hard disk drives store
between 120 and 400GB, rotate at 7,200 rpm, and
have a media transfer rate of 1 Gbit/s or higher.

Hard disk drives are accessed over one of several

bus types, including parallel ATA(also called IDE),
Serial ATA (SATA), SCSI, Serial Attached SCSI, and
Fiber Channel.
Solid-State Drive

A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage

device that uses solid-state memory to store
persistent data. An SSD emulates a hard disk
drive, thus easily replacing it in any
application. SSDs have begun to appear in
laptops because they can be smaller than
HDDs.

SSDs are currently more expensive per unit of

capacity than HDDs which is why they have
not caught on so quickly.
References:

https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/what-is-a-cpu/
https://openbookproject.net/courses/intro2ict/hardware/internal.html
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