FUNCTION

S Click icon to add picture

LESSON 1: FUNCTIONS
AS MODEL
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Distinguish the difference
between relation and function

FUNCTION Determine whether the

illustration is a function or not
S function using vertical line test

Solve word-problem involving

piecewise function

Provide real world example

that expressed relation.
 Relations Functions
Is a rule that relates Is a relation where
values from a set of each element in the
values (called domain) to domain is related to
the second set (called the only one value in the
range) range by some rule.
Elements of the domain Elements of the
as input to a machine domain as input to a
that applies a rule to machine that applies
these inputs to generate
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a rule so that each
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 Relations Function
A relation is a set A function is a set
of ordered pairs (x, of ordered pairs (x,
y). y) such that no two
ordered pairs have
the same x-value
but different y-
values.
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 FUNCTIONS AS MACHINE

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 Example 1:
• Consider an electric fan as
a function machine. What
you do you think is the
input, the function, and
the output?
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Answer
• Pressing any button on the electric fan
(assuming it is plugged into a power source)
will cause the fan blade to spin.
• Hence, the buttons are the input, the
spinning of the fan blade is the function, and
the wind it gives off is the output.
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 Example 2
• Consider the table of values below.
Determine the input, the function, and the
output.

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 Solution
• The -values are the input. The -
values are the output.

• Notice that if the value of is , the

value of is . If is , is , and so on.

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• By observing the pattern, note that
each input is doubled after “going
through” the function.

• Hence, the function is .

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 Individual Practice
1. Consider a water dispenser as a
function machine. What is the input, the
function, and the output?
2. Consider the table of values below.
Determine the input, the function, and the
output.

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 What is a function?

 How will you represent functions?

 How will you determine whether a

given equation is a function?
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 Relation
1 a set of objects, such as numbers, grouped with one
another which may or may not represent a pattern;
simply a set of ordered pairs that are arranged in an
orderly manner

Example:
Billy is associated to his friends: Gabriel, Jasmine, and
Luis. We can define a relation showing Billy’s association
or correspondence.

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 2 One-to-One Correspondence
Each value of the independent variable is
unique and is associated with a unique value of
the dependent variable
Example:

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 3 Many-to-One Correspondence
Two or more values of is associated with the
same value of

Example:

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 One-to-Many Correspondence
4 Some values of are associated with more than
one value of

Example:

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 5 Many-to-Many Correspondence
Some values of and are associated with more
than one value of their counterpart

Example:

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 6 Function
It is a special kind of relation in which no two
distinct ordered pairs have the same first
element.
Example:
Miguel, Karlo, Bien and Anthony are paired to their
respective schools. Let us name this relation .

is a function because no two ordered pairs have the

same first element.
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 4 ways in identifying a function
• Ordered pairs
• Table of Values
• Graph
• Mapping Diagram
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 Distinguish whether the given
illustration is a function or not.

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 “
All
are
but
functions
relations
not all

”
relations are
function
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 7 Vertical Line Test
It can be used to determine if a graph
represents a function.
Example:
The given graph on the right passes
the vertical line test since if we draw
an imaginary vertical line anywhere on
the graph, it would touch exactly one
point.
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 Individual Practice:

• Tell whether the graph

represents a function or not.

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1. 2.

Function Not
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 3.

Functi
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 4.

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 5.

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Piecewise
Function Click icon to add picture
 Piecewise
Function
It is a function composed of
two or more expressions
for the different parts of
the domain.
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Each formula has its own
domain, and the domain of the
function is the union of all these
smaller domains. We notate this
idea like this;

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Example 1:
A user is charged P300 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes
100 free text messages. Messages in
excess of 100 are charged P1 each.
Represent the monthly cost for text
messaging using the function t(m),
where m is the number of messages
sent in a month.

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A user is charged P300 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes 100
free text messages. Messages in excess of
100 are charged P1 each. Represent the
monthly cost for text messaging using the
function t(m), where m is the number of
messages sent in a month.
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 Solution
• The cost of text messaging can be expressed by
the piecewise function:

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Example 2:

A jeepney ride costs P8.00 for the

first 4 kilometers, and each
additional integer kilometer adds
P1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise
function to represent the jeepney
fare in terms of the distance (d) in
kilometers
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A jeepney ride costs P8.00 for the
first 4 kilometers, and each
additional integer kilometer adds
P1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise
function to represent the jeepney
fare in terms of the distance (d) in
kilometers
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 Solution
• The input value is distance and the output is
the cost of the jeepney fare. If F(d) represents
the fare as a function of distance, the
function can be represented as follows:

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Example 3:
A certain chocolate bar costs P35.00
per piece. However, if you buy more
than 10 pieces, they will be marked
down to a price of P32.00 per piece.
Use a piecewise function to represent
the cost in terms of the number of
chocolate bars bought.

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A certain chocolate bar costs P35.00
per piece. However, if you buy more
than 10 pieces, they will be marked
down to a price of P32.00 per piece.
Use a piecewise function to represent
the cost in terms of the number of
chocolate bars bought.
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 Solution

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{
𝑓 ( 𝑛 )= 35𝑛,∧𝑖𝑓 0<𝑛≤10
32𝑛,∧𝑖𝑓 𝑛>10
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Example 4:
The cost of hiring a catering service to
serve food for a party is Php 150 per
head for 20 persons or less, Php 130
per head for 21 to 50 persons, and
Php 110 per head for 51 to 100
persons. For 100 or more persons, the
cost is at Php 100per head. Represent
the total cost as a piecewise function
of the number of attendees of the
party.
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The cost of hiring a catering service to
serve food for a party is Php 150 per head
for 20 persons or less, Php 130 per head for
21 to 50 persons, and Php 110 per head for
51 to 100 persons. For 100 or more
persons, the cost is at Php 100per head.
Represent the total cost as a piecewise
function of the number of attendees of the
party.
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 Solution

{
150 𝑥 ,∧𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 0
𝑓 (𝑥 )= 130 𝑥 ,∧𝑖𝑓 21 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 50
110 𝑥 ,𝑖𝑓 51 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 100
100 𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 100
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 How do functions represent
real-life situations?

How can you apply function

and relation in real life?

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 Real-world example or scenario that can be
expressed as a relation

• Destination vis-à-vis jeepney fare

• The association between a doctor and
their patients
• Man marries multiple women
• The connection between friends in a
social circle
• A student with multiple grades from
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FUNCTIONS
Lesson 2: Click icon to add picture

Evaluating
Functions
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Evaluate functions
accurately
• Solves word problem
involving functions
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 RECAL
L
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 What is
PEMDAS
?
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 Parenthesis ()
Exponent
Multiply *
Divide
Add +
Subtract -
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 EVALUATING A
FUNCTION
• MEANS REPLACING THE
VARIABLE IN THE
FUNCTION, IN THIS CASE ,
WITH A A VALUE FROM THE
FUNCTION’S DOMAIN AND
COMPUTING FOR THE
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 Example 1:
•Mark started selling snacks in the
nearby school. In one day he spends
₱200 for rent and ₱25 for each snack
item he prepares.
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•His expenses in a single day can be
expressed as the function , where is
the number of items and is his daily
expenses in pesos. How much are his
expenses if he prepares 100 snack
items? 150 snack items?

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 Example 2
• The function for the height of an object dropped
from a 100-meter tall platform at time seconds is
approximate by (This formula is based on an
approximated value for the acceleration due to
gravity). What is the height of the object after 2
seconds? After 4 seconds?

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 Functio
n Click icon to add picture

LESSON 3: OPERATIONS ON
FUNCTIONS
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
•Calculate addition,
subtraction,
multiplication, division
and composition of
functions.
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 Definition
• Let f and g be functions.

• The sum is denoted by

f+g defined by
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• The difference is denoted by
f-g defined by

• The product is denoted by

defined by
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• The quotient is denoted
by defined by

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