WELCOME TO

TLE - ICT CLASS

 TOPIC:

Spreadsheets
 WHAT IS A SPREADSHEET?

A spreadsheet is a tool that is used

to store, manipulate and analyze
data. Data in a spreadsheet is
organized in a series of rows and
columns and can be searched,
sorted, calculated and used in a
variety of charts and graphs.
 To create an electronic spreadsheet, a
specialized spreadsheet application is
needed. By far, the most frequently used
spreadsheet program is Microsoft Excel,
but other spreadsheet applications exist
spreadsheets as well, Examples include
Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Works Spreadsheet,
Open Office Calc and Google Drive
Spreadsheet. These programs allow users
to work with data in a variety of ways to
create budgets, forecasts, inventories,
schedules, charts, graphs and many other
data-based worksheets.
 The true power of the spreadsheet is its
ability to handle complex mathematical
calculations and automatically recalculate
totals as the underlying data in the sheet
changes. This is especially useful for
"What-if" analysis and forecasting. Most
spreadsheet applications also allow users
to format their sheets with options similar
to those that we saw in Word Processing.
Other similarities exist in the program as
well including spell check and the ability
to insert decorative items such as borders
and images.
 The remainder of this lesson will
introduce you to a few of the basic
concepts and functions of
spreadsheet applications and then
provide you with links to tutorials
which will assist you in expanding
your skills using Microsoft Excel, the
standard spreadsheet software
application at Broome Community
College.
 A spreadsheet consists of a table of cells arranged
into rows and columns and referred to by the X and Y
locations. X locations, the columns, are normally
represented by letters, "A," "B," "C," etc., while rows
are normally represented by numbers, 1, 2, 3, etc. A
single cell can be referred to by addressing its row
and column, "C10". This electronic concept of cell
references was first introduced in LANPAR (Language
for Programming Arrays at Random) (co-invented by
Rene Pardo and Remy Landau) and a variant used in
VisiCalc and known as "A1 notation". Additionally,
spreadsheets have the concept of a range, a group of
cells, normally contiguous. For instance, one can refer
to the first ten cells in the first column with the range
"A1:A10". LANPAR innovated forward
referencing/natural order calculation which didn't re-
appear until Lotus 123 and Microsoft's MultiPlan
Version 2.
 In modern spreadsheet applications, several
spreadsheets, often known as worksheets or simply
sheets, are gathered together to form a workbook. A
workbook is physically represented by a file
containing all the data for the book, the sheets, and
the cells with the sheets. Worksheets are normally
represented by tabs that flip between pages, each
one containing one of the sheets, although Numbers
changes this model significantly. Cells in a multi-
sheet book add the sheet name to their reference,
for instance, "Sheet 1!C10". Some systems extend
this syntax to allow cell references to different
workbooks.
 Users interact with sheets primarily through the
cells. A given cell can hold data by simply entering
it in, or a formula, which is normally created by
preceding the text with an equals sign. Data might
include the string of text hello world, the number 5
or the date 10-Sep-97. A formula would begin with
the equals sign, =5*3, but this would normally be
invisible because the display shows the result of the
calculation, 15 in this case, not the formula itself.
This may lead to confusion in some cases.
 The key feature of spreadsheets is the ability for a
formula to refer to the contents of other cells, which
may, in turn, be the result of a formula. To make
such a formula, one replaces a number with a cell
reference. For instance, the formula =5*C10 would
produce the result of multiplying the value in cell
C10 by the number 5. If C10 holds the value 3 the
result will be 15. But C10 might also hold its formula
referring to other cells, and so on.
The ability to chain formulas together is what gives
a spreadsheet its power. Many problems can be
broken down into a series of individual
mathematical steps, and these can be assigned to
individual formulas in cells. Some of these formulas
can apply to ranges as well, like the SUM function
that adds up all the numbers within a range.
 Spreadsheets share many principles and traits of
databases, but spreadsheets and databases are not
the same things. A spreadsheet is essentially just
one table, whereas a database is a collection of
many tables with machine-readable semantic
relationships. While it is true that a workbook that
contains three sheets is indeed a file containing
multiple tables that can interact with each other, it
lacks the relational structure of a database.
Spreadsheets and databases are interoperable—
sheets can be imported into databases to become
tables within them, and database queries can be
exported into spreadsheets for further analysis.
 A spreadsheet program is one of the main
components of an office productivity suite, which
usually also contains a word processor, a
presentation program, and a database management
system. Programs within a suite use similar
commands for similar functions. Usually, sharing
data between the components is easier than with a
non-integrated collection of functionally equivalent
programs. This was particularly an advantage at a
time when many personal computer systems used
text-mode displays and commands instead of a
graphical user interface.
Sample Spreadsheet Software
Cloud and online spreadsheets
Airtable – a spreadsheet-database hybrid, with the features of a database but applied to a
spreadsheet.
Coda
EditGrid – access, collaborate and share spreadsheets online, with API support; discontinued
since 2014
Google Sheets – as part of Google Workspace
iRows – closed since 31 December 2006
JotSpot Tracker – acquired by Google Inc.
Smartsheet – Online spreadsheet for project management, interactive Gantt, file sharing,
integrated with Google Apps
Sourcetable – AI spreadsheet that generates formulas, charts, SQL, and analyzes data.
ThinkFree Online Calc – as part of the ThinkFree Office online office suite, using Java
Quadratic - A source available online spreadsheet for technical users, supporting Python, SQL,
and Formulas.
Zoho Sheet Spreadsheet on the cloud that allows real-time collaboration and more, for free
Sample Spreadsheet Software
Proprietary Suites
Ability Office Spreadsheet – for MS Windows.
Apple iWork Numbers, included with Apple's iWork '08 suite exclusively for Mac OS X v10.4 or
higher.
AppleWorks – for MS Windows and Macintosh. This is a further development of the historical
Claris Works Office suite.
WordPerfect Office Quattro Pro – for MS Windows. Was one of the big three spreadsheets (the
others being Lotus 123 and Excel).
EasyOffice EasySpreadsheet – for MS Windows. No longer freeware, this suite aims to be more
user friendly than competitors.
Framework – for MS Windows. Historical office suite still available and supported. It includes a
spreadsheet.
Google Sheets – as part of Google Workspace suite, supporting both offline and online editing.
IBM Lotus Symphony – freeware for MS Windows, Apple Mac OS X and Linux.
Kingsoft Office Spreadsheets 2012 – For MS Windows. Both free and paid versions are available.
It can handle Microsoft Excel .xls and .xlsx files, and also produce other file formats such
as .et, .txt, .csv, .pdf, and .dbf. It supports multiple tabs, VBA macro and PDF converting.
Sample Spreadsheet Software
Proprietary Suites
Lotus SmartSuite Lotus 123 – for MS Windows. In its MS-DOS (character cell) version, widely
considered to be responsible for the explosion of popularity of spreadsheets during the 80s and
early 90s.[citation needed]
Microsoft Office Excel – for MS Windows and Apple Macintosh. The proprietary spreadsheet
leader.
Microsoft Works Spreadsheet – for MS Windows (previously MS-DOS and Apple Macintosh).
Only allows one sheet at a time.
PlanMaker – for MS Windows, Linux, MS Windows Mobile and CE; part of SoftMaker Office
Quattro Pro – Originally introduced as a stand-alone DOS and Microsoft Windows application, it
eventually became part of WordPerfect Office in 1994.
StarOffice Calc – Cross-platform. StarOffice was originally developed by the German company
Star Division which was purchased by Sun in 1998. The code was made open source and
became OpenOffice.org. Sun continues developing the commercial version which periodically
integrates the open source code with their own and third party code to make new low price
versions.
WPS Office
Stand-alone
As-Easy-As – from Trius, Inc.; unsupported; last MS-DOS and Windows versions available
with free full license key.

Multi-dimensional
Javelin
Lotus Improv
Quantrix Financial Modeler

Different Paradigms
DADiSP – Combines the numerical capability of MATLAB with a spreadsheet like interface.
Javelin
Lotus Improv
Resolver One – a business application development tool that represents spreadsheets as
IronPython programs, created and executed in real time and allowing the spreadsheet
flow to be fully programmed
Spreadsheet 2000
 THANK YOU!
REMEMBER: Respect, Obey is the key to
success!