SOFTWARE

Computer programs (also software programs, or just programs)

are instructions for a computer.
A computer requires programs to function.
Programs are usually created using other software called
programming languages
System Software Application Software
Used by the computer to Used by people to accomplish
accomplish a task. a specific task.
• controls the internal function of Some common kinds of
the computer application s/w
• controls other devices Word Processor s/w,
connected to the CPU Database s/w,
• OS, Utilities, Languages & Spreadsheet s/w, Games,
translators Web Page Browsers
 SOFTWARE MODEL
Public Domain Software Freeware

Utilities
Operating
HARDWARE
System
Applications

Shareware Commercial Software

 SOFTWARE – Operating System
 The operating system is usually located on a
disk (hard disk drive, a floppy disk, or CD-
ROM disk) Must be loaded into RAM before it
can be used.
 Used by the computer's hardware to work
with its parts.
Tells the computer how to: display
information on the screen, use a printer, store
information on a secondary storage device.
 The system software that controls peripherals
are called drivers.
 An operating system works with application
software.
Does basic tasks, like printing a document or
saving a file, the operating system starts
(launches) the application software so that it
can be used.
 SOFTWARE – Operating System

Classification of OS – Number of Users

Single User Multi User

( MS- Dos) ( Windows.

Netware,
Linux)
Multi Tasking
Multi Programming
Multi Threading
 SOFTWARE – Languages

Classification of Languages

Low Level Language

Middle Level Language C, BASIC

BASIC, FORTRAN,
High Level Language PASCAL, COBOL

4th Generation Language Software Packages

 SOFTWARE – Languages
Interpreter Vs. Complier
Compiler -- spends some time evaluating the
entire program and then translates all the
programming statements of a program into a
machine language program, which is then
executed at once.
Interpreter -- translates interactively each
programming statement into an immediately
usable machine language instruction. Although
an interpreter slows down the execution speed
of a program somewhat, it does not require
extra steps to compile and link like a compiler.
In a production environment where throughput is more critical, a
compiled language is preferred.
Any high-level language can either be interpreted or compiled.
 SOFTWARE – Application Software's
Application software programs work with the operating
system software to help you use your computer to do
specific types of work Some common tasks done by general
purpose application software
Planning Writing
Record keeping
Calculating
Communicating Drawing
& Painting

What can be done with general purpose application

software is only limited by the imagination of the
user.
 SOFTWARE – Utilities
Utility programs help manage, maintain and control
computer resources. These programs are available to
help you with the day-to-day chores associated with
personal computing and to keep your system running at
peak performance.

Some examples of utility programs include:

Virus scanning software
Backup software
Scandisk
Disk defragmenter
 SOFTWARE – Database
Database is a collection of interrelated data stored
together.
DataBase Management System (DBMS) is a set of
programs that allow users to access and modify a
collection of interrelated files.
A Relational DBMS stores information in a set of
"tables", each of which has a unique identifier or
"primary key". The tables are then related to one another
using "foreign keys". A foreign key is simply the primary
key in a different table. Diagrammatically, a foreign key is
depicted as a line with an arrow at one end.
 SOFTWARE – RDBMS Basics

We already know that a Relational DataBase

Management System (RDBMS) is:
• A DBMS Approach which manages data
(logically) as a collection of tables where data, and
data relationships, are represented by common
values in related tables
• A Table (file) consists of records, which consist of
attributes (fields), which relies on the storage of
various data types

Prepared By Rohit K Argal, IT Dept, RO Bhopal

 SOFTWARE – RDBMS Basics
Database Components:
A Database consists of

••• ••••• •• ••• •• ••• ••• •• ••••

Files, which contain ••• ••••• •• ••• •• ••• ••• •• ••••
••• ••••• •• ••• •• ••• ••• •• ••••
••• ••••• •• ••• •• ••• ••• •• ••••

Records, which contain

Hernandez, Juan 123456789 72 2.42
Jones, Mary 234567890 102 3.87

Fields, which may consist

of a variety of data types
Notice that there should always be a Key (Unique) Field

Prepared By Rohit K Argal, IT Dept, RO Bhopal

 Flow Chart
Symbols of Flow chart
Terminals Process Box Input Output
Start

Stop

Decision Box Directional Arrows

Connectors
 VIRUS

What are computer viruses?

Viruses are small programs that
hide themselves on your disks (both
diskettes and your hard disk).
Unless you use virus detection
software the first time that you
know that you have a virus is when
it activates.
Different viruses are activated in
different ways.
 VIRUS
How do viruses infect PCs?
Viruses hide on a disk and when you
access the disk (either a diskette or
another hard disk over a network) the
virus program will start and infect your
computer.
The worst thing about a computer virus
is that they can spread from one
computer to another, either via use of
infected floppy disk, or over a computer
network, including the Internet.
 VIRUS
How to prevent virus damage
• There are a number of third party antivirus
products available.
• Most of these are better than the rather
rudimentary products available within DOS
and Windows, but of course you do have to
pay for them!
• The main thing about your virus checker is
that it should be kept up to date.
• Many companies supply updated disks on a
regular basis or allow you to receive updates
through an electronic, on-line bulletin board.