Computer 101

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Computer 101

Computer related

Uploaded by

Amrita Rajesh

Available Formats

Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Optical loss

Definition:

Optical loss is the ‘reduction in intensity of light’ or reduction of optical

power as light propagates through a material or device.

It is usually expressed in units of decibels per unit length (dB/cm) or

decibels per unit distance (dB/m)

To numerically calculate optical loss, We can use the following formula:

Optical Loss (in dB) = 10log (Pout/Pin)

where Pout is the output optical power and Pin is the input optical power.

1
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
Computation of optical loss

Light Source Optical Fiber facility

Power
meter
Input power (0.05mW)
(0.1mW)

Light Loss = 10* log (Pinput power/Poutput power)

The light power loss of this
= 10* log (0.1mW/0.05mW)
optical fiber is 3 dB
= 3dB
2
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
Two numerical techniques

Finite difference method &

Finite element method

1. Restricted to handle rectangular shapes 1. Has ability to solve complex

2. High error may possible than the actual geometries
result 2. Less error is expected
3
Finite difference method
We can also approximate the derivative
using the function values at points

I. Finite difference methods are

numerical techniques used to
approximate the solutions of
differential equations.
II. These methods work by replacing the
derivatives in a differential equation
with finite difference approximations.

4
http://www.multiphysics.us/FDM.html
Numerical computation of optical loss

Finite Difference Time Domain

(FDTD) method

1. A numerical technique that discretizes

mesh
the electromagnetic field equations into
finite-difference equations that can be
solved iteratively.
2. The computational domain will be
discretized into a mesh or a grid which
consists of multiple subdomains called
Applications for this method include:
cells or elements.
3. The FDTD method solves Maxwell’s • LEDs, solar cells, filters, optical switches,

equations on a mesh and computes E • semiconductor-based photonic devices,

• Sensors,
and H at grid points spaced Δx, Δy, and
• Nano- and micro-lithography, nonlinear
Δz apart, with E and H interlaced in all
devices 5
three spatial dimensions. 21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
Numerical computation of optical loss

Transfer Matrix Method (TMM)

I. The transfer matrix I. It is a matrix that I. The transfer I. Once we have the
is a matrix that relates the matrix relates the transfer matrix of
amplitudes and each individual
describes the incoming wave to
phases of waves layer, we can
transformation the outgoing
calculate the overall
on one side of the wave, taking into
of a wave as it transfer matrix of
structure to those account the
passes through the entire structure
on the other side. reflection and by multiplying the
a layer or region
transmission transfer matrices of
within the
coefficients at the all the layers
system. together in the order
boundary
they appear in the
between the two
structure.
regions.

6
21PYB102J Module-I Lecture-31
Numerical computation of optical loss

Beam Propagation Method (BPM):

1. The Beam Propagation Method (BPM) is a popular simulation technique for

evaluating the evolution of optical fields in waveguides and photonic devices, and
Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits .

2. In this method, numerical solution of the Helmholtz equation, and Schroedinger

equation have been performed.

3. The BPM includes Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, finite-difference based
BPM schemes (FD-BPM), and finite-element BPM (FE-BPM) and many others.