Introduction to E-Business

E- Business
E-Business expands to electronic business, which implies the
online presence of the business firm. It includes e–commerce and
other business activities.
Components of E-Business:
•E-Commerce:
•The buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.
•Encompasses B2C (Business to Consumer), B2B (Business to Business), C2C (Consumer to
Consumer), and C2B (Consumer to Business) transactions.

•Online Customer Service:

•Support provided through online channels, such as live chat, email, and social media.
•Enhances customer experience and satisfaction.

•Supply Chain Management:

•Managing the flow of goods, services, and information from suppliers to customers.
•Utilizes technology for inventory management, order processing, and logistics.

•Internal Processes:
•Streamlining operations through digital tools and platforms.
•Involves areas like human resources, finance, and communication
By integrating these components, e-business facilitates improved
efficiency, enhanced customer engagement, and the ability to
adapt quickly to market changes. This sets the foundation for
modern business practices in a digital world.
E-Commerce Fundamentals

E-Commerce
It is stands for Electronic Commerce, Which implies the process
of carrying out trading activities through electronic device.
Types
•B2C (Business-to-Consumer): Retail businesses selling to individuals.
•B2B (Business-to-Business): Transactions between businesses.
•C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer): Platforms for individuals to sell to each other.
•C2B (Consumer-to-Business): Individuals selling products or services to businesses.
B2B e-commerce
• B2B e-commerce is simply defined as e-commerce between
companies.
Examples:
• Intel selling microprocessor to Dell
• Heinz selling ketchup to Mc Donalds
B2C E-commerce
• Business-to-consumer e-commerce between companies and
consumers, involves customers gathering information;
purchasing physical goods or receiving products over an
electronic

Example:
• Dell selling me a laptop
C2C E-commerce
• Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce or C2C is simply
commerce between private individuals or cinsumers.

Examples:
• Mary buying an iPod from Tom on eBay
• Me selling a car to my neighbor
C2B E-commerce

• C2B (Consumer-to-Business) is a model where individual

consumers offer products or services to businesses.

For example, on platforms like Upwork, freelancers provide

services such as writing and design, allowing companies to hire
talent directly while individuals monetize their skills.
Differences between E-
Business and E-
Commerce
E-Commerce
•Definition: Refers specifically to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.
•Focus: Primarily on transactions and the processes involved in online sales.
•Examples: Online retail stores like Amazon, eBay, and platforms like Shopify.

E-Business
•Definition: Encompasses a broader scope, including all aspects of running a business online.
•Focus: Includes e-commerce but also covers other functions like supply chain management,
customer relationship management, and online marketing.
•Examples: A company that not only sells products online but also manages its inventory,
marketing strategies, and customer service through digital channels.

E-Commerce is a subset of E-Business focused on transactions, while E-Business includes

all online business operations.
 Differences between E-
Commerce and M-Commerce
E-Commerce (electronic commerce) and M-Commerce
(mobile commerce) are both methods of conducting
transactions online, but they differ in several key aspects:
1. Platform
• E-Commerce: Primarily conducted on desktop or laptop computers through websites.
• M-Commerce: Focuses on transactions via mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, often
through apps or mobile-optimized websites.

2. User Experience
• E-Commerce: Typically offers a larger screen experience, allowing for more detailed navigation and
information presentation.
• M-Commerce: Must optimize for smaller screens, leading to simpler, more streamlined interfaces that
facilitate quick transactions.

3. Accessibility
• E-Commerce: Requires internet access through a stable broadband connection on a computer.
• M-Commerce: Can leverage mobile data and is often accessible anywhere with cellular service or Wi-
Fi, providing greater convenience.
4. Payment Methods
• E-Commerce: Often uses traditional payment methods like credit cards and bank
transfers.
• M-Commerce: Frequently incorporates mobile payment solutions, such as digital
wallets (e.g., Apple Pay, Google Pay) and one-click payment options.

5. Consumer Behavior
• E-Commerce: Shoppers may spend more time browsing and comparing products,
often leading to larger purchases.
• M-Commerce: Users may prefer quick, impulse purchases, driven by convenience
and the immediacy of mobile access.

6. Marketing Strategies
• E-Commerce: Utilizes traditional online marketing tactics, such as SEO, email
marketing, and banner ads.
• M-Commerce: Often focuses on location-based services, push notifications, and
social media marketing tailored for mobile users.
E-commerce is governed by a complex framework of guidelines
and laws that vary by country and region. Here are some key
aspects to consider:
1. Consumer Protection Laws
• Disclosure Requirements: E-commerce businesses must clearly disclose prices, terms of service, and
return policies.
• Right to Cancel: Many jurisdictions give consumers the right to cancel online purchases within a specified
period.
• Privacy Protections: Laws like GDPR in Europe protect consumer data and privacy, requiring businesses
to obtain consent for data collection and processing.
2. Electronic Transactions Laws
• Electronic Signatures: Laws like the ESIGN Act in the U.S. and eIDAS in the EU recognize electronic
signatures as legally binding.
• Recordkeeping: Businesses must maintain records of transactions for a certain period for compliance and
auditing.
3. Intellectual Property Laws
• Copyright and Trademark: E-commerce businesses must respect copyright and trademark laws,
ensuring they do not infringe on the intellectual property of others.
• Content Ownership: Clear policies on content ownership and usage rights should be established.
• 4. Tax Regulations
• Sales Tax: Online retailers may be required to collect sales tax in jurisdictions
where they have a physical presence or substantial sales.
• Cross-Border Taxation: Different countries have various tax treaties and
regulations regarding international sales.
• 5. Advertising and Marketing Laws
• Truth in Advertising: Claims made in advertisements must be truthful and not
misleading.
• Spam Laws: Regulations such as CAN-SPAM in the U.S. govern email marketing
practices, requiring opt-out options and accurate sender information.
• 6. Payment Regulations
• PCI Compliance: Businesses that process credit card payments must comply with
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS) to ensure secure
transactions.
• Fraud Prevention: Guidelines for preventing fraud and chargebacks are crucial for
e-commerce operations.
• 7. Accessibility Requirements
• Web Accessibility: Websites should be designed to be accessible to
people with disabilities, following standards like the Web Content
Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).
• 8. Dispute Resolution
• Arbitration Clauses: Many e-commerce sites include clauses requiring
arbitration for disputes, which can limit legal recourse for consumers.
• Ombudsman Services: Some regions have services that help resolve
disputes between consumers and e-commerce businesses.
• 9. International Trade Laws
• Import/Export Regulations: E-commerce businesses must comply with
laws governing international shipping, including customs regulations and
duties.
• Digital Services Taxes: Some countries impose taxes specifically on digital
services, which may affect e-commerce operations.
E-Commerce Examples
• Amazon: The largest online retailer globally, offering a vast array of
products, from books to electronics and groceries, with services like
Prime for fast shipping.
• eBay: An online auction and shopping platform where users can buy
and sell new and used items, connecting buyers and sellers globally.
• Alibaba: A major platform for wholesale trade, facilitating
transactions between businesses and consumers, primarily in Asia.
• Etsy: An online marketplace focused on handmade, vintage, and
unique factory-manufactured items, allowing artisans to sell their
creations.
• Zalando: A European e-commerce platform specializing in fashion,
offering a wide selection of clothing, shoes, and accessories.
• M-Commerce Examples
• Mobile Banking Apps: Apps like Chase or PayPal allow users to
manage finances, send money, and make purchases directly from
their smartphones.
• Uber Eats: A mobile app that enables users to order food from local
restaurants for delivery, illustrating convenience in food service.
• Shopify Mobile App: Allows users to manage their online stores
and purchase products directly through their smartphones.
• Instagram Shopping: Brands can set up shops on Instagram,
enabling users to browse and purchase products seamlessly through
the app.
• Mobile Wallets: Services like Apple Pay and Google Pay facilitate
transactions in physical stores and online shopping, enhancing the
m-commerce experience.