Electrochemistry (New)
Electrochemistry (New)
Electrochemistry (New)
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
2
Outline.
OUTLINE.
oxygen
electrons and
oxidation number
? Redox reaction
? Disproportionation reaction
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Cont…
Oxidation is…
the loss of electrons
an increase in oxidation state/number
the addition of oxygen
the loss of hydrogen
2 Mg + O2 ® 2 MgO
Reduction is…
the gain of electrons
a decrease in oxidation state/number
the loss of oxygen
the addition of hydrogen
MgO + H2 ® Mg + H2O
Oxidation number/states:
is a number assigned to an atom or ion
in a compound that describes how
oxidized or reduced it is.
e.g. F2 O3 K N2 Fe
For mono-atomic ions, the oxidation state is equal
to the charge on the ion.
e.g. F- Al3+ Fe2+ O2-
In a compound, the more electronegative element
obtains a negative oxidation number and the
more electropositive element a positive oxidation
number.
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Cont…
Question.
K+ NH3
MnO4-
Cr2O72- CH3OH
PO43-
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More Definitions
Oxidizing Agent
a substance which brings about oxidation by removing
electrons from another atom or ion.
Reducing Agent
a substance which brings about reduction by donating
electrons to another atom or ion.
(ii) 2 H2O ® 2 H2 + O2
Cr2O72- ® Cr3+
Cr2O72- ® 2 Cr3+
The
order of discharge of the anions is: X-, OH-,
NO3-, SO42- and for cations: H+ first
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26
Molten sodium
metal is formed
at the cathode.
Chlorine gas
is formed at the
anode.
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Questions.
Steps:
(i) Write equation for the reaction
(ii) Calculate the charge transferred during
electrolysis
(iii) Find the number of coulombs required to
deposit 1 mole of product (from equation)
(iv) Calculate the required item
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Cont..
Q =It
Charge = Current x time
(Coulombs) (Amperes) (seconds)
1 F = 96,500 C/mol e-
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4.
ELECTROCHEMICAL
CELLS
Sli
de
49
Electrochemical Cell
a device that uses a spontaneous redox
reaction to produce electricity
Definition:
Electrode potential, E, is the voltage measured
for a half-cell compared with another half-cell.
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How do we measure electrode potentials?
2 H+ + 2 e- ® H2 E° = 0 V
Sli
de
Definitions. 62
Note:
Feasibility of a reaction can be
determined from:
∆H of reaction
∆S (entropy change)
∆G (Gibbs free energy change)
Eθcell
How???
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Steps in determining feasibility of a reaction
from Ecell.
Where;
Ecell = cell potential under non-standard conditions
EƟcell = cell potential under standard conditions
Products and reactants are obtained from the
overall cell reaction.
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Calculating Equilibrium Constants