Presentation 3

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
(2024-2025)
Shiksha Valley School, Khanikar

Dibrugarh- 786003
TOPIC- To study the factor on

which the self inductance of a
coil depends
Submitted by Submitted to
Name: Sumwang
Sumnyan Dr. Dhananjay Kr.
Class: XII(TWELVE)
Mondal
(PGT Physics)
1
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Sumwang Sumnyan
of grade XII, Shiksha Valley School,
Dibrugarh has successfully completed
the research project on the topic “TO
STUDY THE FACTOR ON WHICH THE
SELF INDUCTANCE OF A COIL
DEPEENDS” under the guidance of
Dr.Dhananjay Kumar Mondal
(PGT Physics)
Signature of the
Candidate
Signature of the
principal
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl.No Contents Page

no.
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. ABOUT THE TOPIC
4. EXPERIMENT
5. OBSERVATION TABLE
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to

express my deep sense of gratitude to all
those people without whom this project
could have never been completed.
I would like to thank my Principal Mr.

Amitava Bandyopadhyay and school for
providing me with the facilities required to
complete this project.
I am highly indebted to my Physics teacher

Dr. Dhananjay Kr. Mondal, for his
invaluable guidance which has sustained
my efforts in all the stages of this project
work.
Signature of the candidate
4
INTRODUCTION
What is self-inductance?
•When an electric current is passed through an
insulated conducting coil, it gives rise to a
magnetic field in the coil so that the coil itself
behaves like a magnet.
•The magnetic flux produced by the current in the

coil is linked with the coil itself.
•As the strength of the current in the coil is

changed, the flux linked with the coil also changes.
Under such circumstances an emf is induced in the
coil too. Such emf is called a self-induced emf and
this phenomenon is known as self-induction.
5
AIM:-
To study the factor on which the self

inductance of a coil depends by observing the
effect of this coil, when put in series with a
resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.
APPARATUS:-
A coil of large turns, a.c. source of adjustable

frequency, an electrical bulb , (6V) a.c.
ammeter of suitable range rheostat , a soft
iron rod, one way key, connecting wires etc.
6
THEORY :-
Self inductance is the property of a coil
which opposes the change in current
through it. The self inductance of a coil (long
solenoid) is
L=µ0µrN2A/ l
Where µr, = Relative magnetic permeability

of magnetic material,
µr = µ/ µ0
N = Total number of turns in solenoid

A = Area of cross-section of solenoid
l= length of solenoid.
7
Hence, the self inductance depends upon:
1. No. of turns (N), Lα N²

2. Geometry of coil, Lα A, L α(1/l)
3. Nature of core material, Lα µ
When an inductor is connected in series

with a resistor (bulb) with a variable source
of frequency, then current flowing in the
bulb is
Irms = Erms/Z
Where, Z = √R2 + ω2 = Impedance of the

a.c. circuit. Here
R = Resistance of the bulb

L = Self inductance of coil
ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source
8
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-
PROCEDURE:-
1. Make all connections as shown in the
circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust the

current in the circuit by using the
variable resistor (Rh).
9
3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter & see
the brightness of bulb.
4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the

conductor core & record the current in a.c.
ammeter & again check the brightness of
bulb. The current & brightness both
decreases.
5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease

the frequency of a.c. source (say 50 Hz).
6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the

current in circuit at same constant voltage 6
V by using the rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter & brightness of bulb. The current
& brightness both will increase.
7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of

coil & note the current & brightness. The
current & brightness both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different

frequency of a.c. source.
10
OBSERVATIONS:-
1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.
2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.
3. Range of ammeter = 0 – 5 A
Sl. Frequency of Current in Current

No. applied Ammeter Ammeter
voltage (Hz) without iron with iron rod
rod in coil (A) in coil (A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2.
50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
RESULT :-
1. The current in the circuit decrease on
inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at
constant frequency of applied voltage &
brightness of bulb decreases & vice-versa. 11
2. The current in the circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency of applied voltage
& vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of
bulb increases.
PRECAUTIONS:-
1. The coil should have large number of
turns.
2. Current should be passed for a small time

to avoid the heating effect.
SOURCES OF ERRORS :-
2. The resistance of circuit may increases
lightly due to heating effect of current.
2. There may be eddy current in soft iron

coil.
12
Applications of Self-
Inductance
There are many applications of self inductance,
one of the major ones being a tesla coil,
What is a tesla coil?

A Tesla coil is a radio frequency oscillator that
drives the air-core double-tuned resonant
transformer to produce high voltages with low
currents.
To understand better, let’s define what is a

radio frequency oscillator. Primarily, we are
aware that the electronic oscillator is a device
that produces electrical signals of either a
sinewave or a square wave. This electronic
oscillator produces signals in the radio
frequency range of 20 kHz to 100 GHz, known
as a radio frequency oscillator. 13
Tesla Coil Working
Principle
This coil has the ability to produce output
voltages up to several million volts based
upon the size of the coil. The Tesla coil
works on a principle to achieve a condition
called resonance. Here, the primary coil
emits huge amounts of current into the
secondary coil to drive the secondary circuit
with maximum energy. The fine-tuned circuit
helps to shoot the current from primary to
secondary circuit at a tuned resonant
frequency.
Tesla Coil Circuit

Diagram
This coil has two main parts – a primary coil
and a secondary coil, with each coil having
its own capacitor. A spark gap connects the
coils and capacitors. The functionality of the
spark gap is to generate the spark to excite
the system.
14
Tesla Coil Working
This coil uses a specialized transformer
called a resonant transformer, a radio-
frequency transformer, or an oscillation
transformer. The primary coil is connected
to the power source and the secondary coil
of a transformer is coupled loosely to
ensure that it resonates. The capacitor
connected in parallel with the transformer
circuit acts as a tuning circuit or an LC
circuit to generate signals at a specific
frequency. The primary of the transformer,
otherwise referred to as a resonant
transformer steps upto generate very high
levels of voltage ranging between 2kv to 30
kV, which in turn charges the capacitor.
With the accumulation of massive amounts
of charge in the capacitor, eventually,
breaks down the air of the spark gap. The
capacitor emits a huge amount of current
through the Tesla Coil (L1, L2), which in turn
generates a high voltage at the output.
15
Oscillation Frequency
The combination of a capacitor and primary
winding ‘L1’ of the circuit forms a tuned
circuit. This tuned circuit ensures that both
primary and secondary circuits are finely
tuned to resonate at the same frequency.
The resonant frequencies of the primary ‘f1’
and secondary circuits ‘f2’ and are given by,
f1=1/2π√L1C1 and f2=1/2π√L2C2
As the secondary circuit cannot be adjusted,

the moveable tap on ‘L1’ is used to tune the
primary circuit till both the circuits resonate
at the same frequency. Therefore, the
frequency of the primary is the same as the
secondary.
f = 1/2π√L1C1 =1/2π√L2C2
The condition for primary and secondary to

resonate at the same frequency is,
L1C1= L2C2
The output voltage in the resonant

transformer does not depend on the number-
of-turns ratio as in ordinary transformer. As
16
soon as the cycle begins and as the spars

primary circuit’s energy is stored in the
primary capacitor ‘C1’ and the voltage at
which the spark breaks down is ‘V1’.
W1=1/2C1V12
Similarly, the energy at the secondary coil is

given by,
W2=1/2C2V22
Assuming there is no loss of energy, W2

=W1. Simplifying the above equation, we
get
V2 = V1√C1/C2 = V1√L2/L1
In the above equation, the peak voltage can

be achieved when air breaks down do not
occur. The peak voltage is the voltage at
which the air breaks down and begins to
conduct.
17
Advantages/
Disadvantages of Tesla
Coil
The advantages are
• Allows uniform distribution of voltage

throughout the winding coils.
• Builds up the voltage at a slow pace and

hence no damage.
• Great performance.
• The use of 3-phase rectifiers for higher

powers can offer tremendous load
sharing.
The disadvantages are
• Tesla coil poses several health hazards

due to high voltage radio frequency
emission that includes skin burn, damage
to the nervous system and heart.
• Involves high costs in buying large DC

smoothing capacitor.
18
• Construction of circuit consumes much

Applications of Tesla
Coil
At present, these coils do not require large

complex circuits to produce high voltage.
Nevertheless, small Tesla coils find their
applications in a range of sectors.
• Aluminium welding
• Cars use these coils for the spark plug
ignition
• Created Tesla coil fans, used to generate
artificial lighting, sounds like music Tesla
coils in Entertainment and Education
industry are used as attraction sat
electronics fairs and science museums
• High vacuum systems and arc lighters
• Vacuum system leak detectors
1). What do Tesla coils do?

This coil is a radio frequency oscillator that
drives a resonant transformer to generate
ahigh voltage at low current.
2). Can a Tesla coil charge a

phone?
Nowadays, smartphones are released with
19
built-in wireless charging, which uses the
3). Is Tesla coil dangerous?
The coil and its equipment are very
dangerous as they produce very high
voltages and currents which cannot be
ensured by the human body
4). Why do tesla coils make

music?
Generally, this coil converts air around it into
a plasma that changes volume and causes
the waves to spread across all the directions,
creating sound/music. This happens at a
high frequency of 20 to 100 kHz.
5). How did Tesla transmit

electricity wirelessly?
A spark gap is used to connect the
capacitors and two coils. As the power is fed
in through a transformer, it produces the
necessary current and powers the entire
circuit.
Thus, this is all about an overview of the

Tesla coil that can be used to generate
electricity of high voltage, low current, and
high-frequency. Tesla Coil has the ability to
transmit electricity wirelessly up to several
kilometres. We ensured that this article gives
the reader insights into the working of the20
Tesla coil, advantages and disadvantages,
transmission of electric energy has changed
the way the world communicates.
Bibliography
Sites used:
https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-tes
la-coil-circuit-diagram-working-its-ap
plications/
https://www.slideshare.net/karan_199
51/self-inductance-40498923
Ncert class 12 Textbook
Physics Lab Manual
21

Presentation 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Presentation 3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Presentation 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY

Shiksha Valley School, Khanikar

TOPIC- To study the factor on

Sl.No Contents Page

3. ABOUT THE TOPIC

I would like to take this opportunity to

I would like to thank my Principal Mr.

I am highly indebted to my Physics teacher

Signature of the candidate

•The magnetic flux produced by the current in the

•As the strength of the current in the coil is

To study the factor on which the self

A coil of large turns, a.c. source of adjustable

Where µr, = Relative magnetic permeability

N = Total number of turns in solenoid

1. No. of turns (N), Lα N²

When an inductor is connected in series

Where, Z = √R2 + ω2 = Impedance of the

R = Resistance of the bulb

2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust the

4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the

5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease

6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the

7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of

8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different

2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.

Sl. Frequency of Current in Current

2. Current should be passed for a small time

2. There may be eddy current in soft iron

What is a tesla coil?

To understand better, let’s define what is a

Tesla Coil Circuit

f1=1/2π√L1C1 and f2=1/2π√L2C2

As the secondary circuit cannot be adjusted,

The condition for primary and secondary to

The output voltage in the resonant

soon as the cycle begins and as the spars

Similarly, the energy at the secondary coil is

Assuming there is no loss of energy, W2

In the above equation, the peak voltage can

• Allows uniform distribution of voltage

• Builds up the voltage at a slow pace and

• The use of 3-phase rectifiers for higher

The disadvantages are

• Tesla coil poses several health hazards

• Involves high costs in buying large DC

• Construction of circuit consumes much

At present, these coils do not require large

1). What do Tesla coils do?

2). Can a Tesla coil charge a

4). Why do tesla coils make

5). How did Tesla transmit

Thus, this is all about an overview of the

Ncert class 12 Textbook

Physics Lab Manual

You might also like