KAIMOSI FRIENDS UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL:HEALTH SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT:CLINICAL MEDICINE
COURSE TITLE:NURSING SKILLS
COURSE CODE:HCM 130
LECTURER:DR PETER KIAMBUTHI
ASSIGNMENT:THE HOSPITAL
DATE OF SUBMISSION :

GROUP 1 MEMBERS
1.SCHOLES NYANG`ARO HCM/1794/2024 0115393775
2.YVONNE JUMA HCM/1782/2024 0701923750
3.SAMSON SUDI HCM/1779/2024 0795416409
4.GRACE TAAKA HCM/1774/2024 0794640021
5.ALLAN WAFULA HCM/1766/2024 0113508556
6.CLARENCE LAWRENCE HCM/1778/2024 0797133343
7.CHARITY JANE HCM/ 0702399978
8.SYLVIAH NYAMOITA HCM/1786/2024 0740044857
 HOSPITAL
Definition
Hospital: Comes from the French word “hospitale”. It is
an institution in which the sick or injured persons are
treated.

Steadman’s Medical Dictionary: It is an institution for the

care, cure and treatment of the sick and wounded; for the
study of diseases and for the training of doctors and nurses
 ORGANIZATION
World Health Organization (WHO): It is an integral part of
a social and medical organization, the function of which is
to provide for the population complete health care, both
curative and preventive and whose output services reach
out to the family and its home environment. The hospital is
also a center for the training of health workers and for
biosocial research.
Hospital Governance and Leadership
a.Governing Board
Role:The governing board oversees the hospital`s strategic
direction ,financial stability, and compliance with legal and
regulatory standards . Board members typically include
business leaders, community representatives, healthcare
experts,and sometimes physicians .

Responsibilities:Long-term planning ,approving budgets,

ensuring regulatory compliance,fundraising and appointing
the hospital`s CEO.
b. Executive Leadership
chief Executive officer (CEO) :the CEO is responsible for the overall
management and operations of the hospital. They ensure that the
hospital operates effectively,delivers high-quality care and meets its
financial and regulatory requirements.

Chief Financial Officer (CFO):Manages the financial health of the

hospital, including budgeting, financial reporting and revenue cycle
management .

Chief Operating Officer (COO):Oversees the daily operations of the

hospital, ensuring that all departments function smoothly .

Chief Medical Officer (CMO):Focuses on medical staff performance,

quality of patient care, and clinical services .

Chief Nursing Officer(CNO):Oversees the nursing staff and patient care

services, ensuring high standards of nursing practice and patient care
 FUNCTIONS OF THE HOSPITAL
Patient Care: Care for the sick and the injured and
restoration of the health of a diseased person without any
discrimination.
Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
Medical Education and Training: Provides professional and
technical education for health personnel
Medical and Nursing Research: It provides the basis for
scientific investigations into causes, diagnosis, treatment
and nursing management of diseases and hospital
administration
Prevention of diseases and promotion of health
 CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITAL
Each hospital is distinct in its characteristics as it
differs in structure, functioning, performance and
the community it serves. They are therefore
classified according to:
1. Length of Stay of Patient
Short – term/acute care
Patient stays for a short term for treatment of the disease, acute in nature e.g.
pneumonia, peptic ulcers
Long – term/chronic care
Treat diseases or conditions chronic in nature e.g. TB, cancer, leprosy
 2. Clinical Basis
They are licensed as general hospitals. Treat all kinds of
diseases but major focus on severe medical conditions like
heart diseases
3. Ownership
This category includes: Public, Voluntary, Private, or
Corporate – Public limited company , under companies act
4. Size
Classification is adopted according to bed strength (capacity)
 5. Objectives
Teaching/Research
It is a hospital to which a college is attached for
medical/nursing/dental/pharmacy education. The
main objective is to teach based on research

General
Provide treatment for common diseases and
conditions, provide active medical and nursing care
for more than one category of medical discipline
Specialized Hospitals
Provide medical/nursing care primarily
for only one discipline or specific diseases
or conditions of one system

Isolation Hospitals
Admit patients suffering from infections
or communicable diseases requiring
isolation
Hospital Departments
OUTPATIENT (OPD)/ CASUALTY
It is the point of contact between hospital and
communityIts activities influence those of all other
departments
Some space ca. n be utilized for emergency services
(casualty)
It is effective to have pharmacy, rehabilitation
center, injection room
The number of clinics depends on the needs of
patients. It has the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Dental,
Medical, Surgical, Obs/Gyn, Pediatrics and Mental
Health
MEDICAL UNIT
In general hospitals, they are usually
headed by physicians and their associates
whereas in teaching hospitals by professors,
assistant professors, lecturers and clinical
instructors
They admit patients for treatment other
than surgery and certain exceptions.
The services are further subdivided into
subspecialties e.g. cardiology, neurology,
nephrology, dermatology, thoracic
SURGERY UNIT
This has various subspecialties: orthopedics, urology, ENT,
neurosurgery, gynecology and thoracic surgery
Operation theatre has the following facilities: receiving
room, anesthesia room, lay up room, wash room and
scrubbing room
MATERNITY/ OBSTETRIC UNIT
Serves to provide care for the expectant mother and her
newborn. It has the following departments:
Ante – natal – Provides systematic medical supervision of
women during pregnancy.
Labor ward/delivery unit
Post natal – Provides care for the mother who has just
delivered
GYNECOLOGY UNIT
The following services are provided in this unit:
Routine “well woman” exams. (Medical
examination of women’s reproductive organs,
looking out for abnormalities and possible problems
and ensuring overall wellness).

Treatment of conditions or problems that involve

the female reproductive system.
PEDIATRIC UNIT
The clients in this unit are aged between 1 day old
and 15 years
New Born Unit (NBU) is part of this unit. The basic
need of children are best met when they are grouped
and located in quiet area of the hospital
There is need for large play rooms and school room
There should be an isolation room and facilities for
mothers
DENTAL UNIT
It is concerned with the dental welfare of the
clients. The services of hospital dental specialists are
needed for collaboration with the orthopedic or
general surgeon in treatment of fracture of elbow
RADIOLOGY/ X –RAY
It provides diagnostic services for inpatient,
outpatient and casualties.
PATHOLOGY/LABORATORY
Primary function is assisting in diagnosis of
diseases and treatment. Specimen examined include
stool, urine, sputum, blood, cerebrospinal fluid,
tissues and bone marrow
PSYCHIATRY/MENTAL HEALTH
It should have the following services: outpatient, liaison
services for contact with mental hospitals, day and night
treatment services, inpatient units and psychiatry
communication services
PHARMACY
The functions include stocking of drugs and medical
supplies, distribution of drugs to departments
LAUNDRY
Ensures availability of microbe – free washed linen
DIETARY
Preparation of nutritionally adequate meals
CENTRAL STERILE SUPPLY SERVICES DEPARTMENT
It stores, sterilizes, maintains and issues instruments,
materials and garments which are required to be sterilized.
Air condition in this department is essential to avoid
contamination through air
NURSING DEPARTMENT
Major force in health and in medical team which is so
essential for providing services to the hospital
Nursing personnel consist of professional nurses, practicing
nurses and nursing assistants
Hospital Hygiene
The hospital is kept clean by:

Sweeping
Not a very common method of cleaning in the ward, but if
necessary ensure the following:
Windows are open
Sprinkle water before sweeping
Sweep the dust into one place
Collect using a dust pans, NEVER use hands
Scrubbing
Surfaces like walls, floors, sinks require scrubbing
frequently.
It is done using scrubber, disinfectant and water
Washing
It is the method of choice of cleaning linen, towels, gowns
Done using soap and water
Note: Materials made of rubber should not be dried under
the sun
Mopping
A method of cleaning where a mopper, water, soap and
disinfectants are used
Damp Dusting
It is done after other methods of cleaning
Its purpose is to remove dust that had settled on the ward
surfaces
Need a trolley whose top shelf should be having: antiseptic
solution, three dusters and disposable gloves
The bottom shelf should be having: receiver for rubbish,
clean water, container for dirty water
Procedure
Preparation
Inform the patients about the procedure
Open the windows and ensure there is enough work space
Arrange trolley as above
Put on an apron and gloves
Method
Mix disinfectant solution with water in the recommended
ratio
Deep a clean duster into the water to wet it
Squeeze out the water
Dust from the higher surfaces downwards
Change dusting water as it gets dirty and also the towel as
necessary
Arrange instruments and items as you proceed
 Documentation
Record what you have done
Note: Cleaning walls, floors, beds and lockers is done by
ward attendants but the nurse remains accountable to the
ward cleanliness and s/he should ensure that:
Ward attendants have good teaching and orientation on
how to clean
Appropriate disinfectant is used in strength and amount
Scrubbing is done at least once a week
Floors should be dried to prevent accidents
Care of Ward Equipment
It is done to ensure cleanliness and safety which minimizes
damage and increases durability of equipment
Bed, Mattresses and Pillows
Bed frameworks should be dusted daily.
Mattresses and pillows should always be covered with
mackintosh
Beds should always be kept neat with clean linen
After discharge/death of patient, they should be cleaned
with disinfectant
Lockers
They should be dump – dusted daily and checked for the
presence of insects and other vectors
Items in the lockers should always be neatly arranged
Trolleys
They should always be disinfected before every procedure
and cleaned with soapy water, rinsed and disinfected after
every procedure
Ensure wheels are in good working conditions
Furniture
Should be dump – dusted daily
Rubber Items (Mackintosh, hot water pots, airways)
Should be disinfected and washed daily with warm soapy
water, rinsed and dried under a shed
Airways and hot water bottles should be stored with little
air left inside to prevent their surfaces from touching each
other and sticking together
Dispensing Boxes
Should be neatly arranged and cleaned daily
Empties should be disposed off
Clean Linen
On collection from the laundry, they should be counted
and counter – checked, then recorded in linen book
Sort and send the torn ones for mending
Linen should be arranged neatly in the linen cupboard
Dirty linen
Never place on the floor. Should be collected using a
trolley and disinfected before sending to laundry
Sluicing is scrubbing of the soil using a brush and running
water
Count the linen and record before sending to the laundry
REFERENCE MATERIALS
1.PRINCIPLES AND FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
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