Operators And

Expression
Operators and
Expressions
Consider the expression A + B * 5 , where,
 +, * are operators,
 A, B are variables,
 5 is constant,
 A, B and 5 are called operand, and
 A+B*5 is an expression.
Types of C operators

C language offers many types of operators, such

as:
Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Increment/decrement operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Bit wise operators
Conditional operators (ternary operators)
Special operators
 Arithmetic
operators

Arithmetic Operators Assignment operators

Inc/dec operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
Special operators
C Arithmetic operators are used to perform
mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division and modulus in C programs.
 Arithmetic

Arithmetic Operators operators

Assignment operators
Inc/dec operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
 There are three types of arithmetic operations using Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
arithmetic operators: Special operators

① Integer arithmetic : when all operands are integer. If a=15 , b=10,

 a + b =25
 a / b =1 (decimal part)
 a % b =5 (remainder of division)
② Real arithmetic : All operands are only real number. If a=15.0 ,
b=10.0
 a / b = 1.5
③ Mixed model arithmetic : when one operand is real and another is
integer. If a=15 and b= 10.0
 a / b = 1.5 whereas, 15/10=1

 Note: The modulus operator % gives you the remainder when

two integers are divided: 1 % 2 is 1 and 7 % 4 is 3.
 The modulus operator can only be applied to integers.
 Arithmetic

Arithmetic Operators
operators
Assignment operators
Inc/dec operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Bit wise operators
① Integer arithmetic : Conditional operators
Special operators
When an arithmetic operation is performed on two
whole numbers or integers than such an operation
is called as integer arithmetic.
It always gives an integer as the result.
Let x = 27 and y = 5 be 2 integer numbers. Then
the integer operation leads to the following results.
x + y = 32
x – y = 22
x * y = 115
x % y = 2
x / y = 5
 Arithmetic

Example program for C operators

Assignment operators
Inc/dec operators

arithmetic operators Relational operators

Logical operators
Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
Special operators

Output:
Addition of a, b is : 60
Subtraction of a, b is : 20
Multiplication of a, b is : 800
Division of a, b is : 2
Modulus of a, b is : 0
 Arithmetic

Arithmetic Operators operators

Assignment operators
Inc/dec operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Bit wise operators

② Real arithmetic : Conditional operators

Special operators

When an arithmetic operation is preformed on two

real numbers or fraction numbers such an
operation is called real or floating point arithmetic.
The modulus (remainder) operator is not applicable
for floating point arithmetic operands.
Let x = 14.0 and y = 4.0 then
x + y = 18.0
x – y = 10.0
x * y = 56.0
x / y = 3.50
 Arithmetic

Arithmetic Operators operators

Assignment operators
Inc/dec operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Bit wise operators

③ Mixed mode arithmetic :

Conditional operators
Special operators

When one of the operand is real and other is an

integer and if the arithmetic operation is carried
out on these 2 operands then it is called as mixed
mode arithmetic.
If any one operand is of real type then the result
will always be real
Let x = 15 and y = 10.0 then
x / y = 1.5
Note that: 15 / 10 = 1 (since both of the operands
are integer)
 Arithmetic operators

Assignment Operators Assignment

operators
Inc/dec operators
 In C programs, values for the variables are assigned Relational operators
Logical operators
using assignment operators. Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
 For example, if the value “10″ is to be assigned for the Special operators
variable “sum”, it can be assigned as sum = 10;

Shorthand or
Increment and Decrement Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Inc/dec operators

Operators Relational operators

Logical operators
Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
There are two more shorthand operators: Special operators

 Decrement __
 Increment ++

These two operators are for incrementing and

decrementing a variable by 1.
For example, the following code increments i by 1
and decrements j by 1.
 Arithmetic operators

Increment and Decrement Assignment operators

Inc/dec operators
Relational operators

Operators Logical operators

Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
Special operators

 The ++ and - - operators can be used in prefix or suffix

mode, as shown in Table
 Arithmetic operators

Increment and Decrement Assignment operators

Inc/dec operators
Relational operators

Operators Logical operators

Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
Special operators

If the operator is before (prefixed to) the variable,

the variable is incremented or decremented by 1,
then the new value of the variable is returned.
If the operator is after (suffixed to) the variable, then
the variable is incremented or decremented by 1,
but the original old value of the variable is returned.
Therefore, the prefixes ++x and --x are referred to,
respectively, as the preincrement operator and the
predecrement operator; and the suffixes x++ and x
-- are referred to, respectively, as the postincrement
operator and the postdecrement operator.
 Arithmetic operators

Increment and Decrement Assignment operators

Inc/dec operators
Relational operators
Operators Logical operators
Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
Special operators

The prefix form of ++ (or --) and the suffix form of ++ (or --) are the
same if they are used in isolation, but they cause different effects
when used in an expression. The following code illustrates this:

In this case, i is incremented by 1, then the old value of i is returned

and used in the multiplication. So newNum becomes 100. If i++ is
replaced by ++i as follows,

i is incremented by 1, and the new value of i is returned and used in

the multiplication. Thus newNum becomes 110.
 Arithmetic operators
Exercise on ++ and - - Assignment operators
Inc/dec operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
Special operators

 int x=2 , y = 5 , z = 0;
 x++ ; y++ ;
 x=y++ + x++;
 y=++y + ++x;
 y=++y + x++;
 y += ++y;
 y += 1 + (++x);
 y += 2 + x++;
 Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Inc/dec operators
Relational
Relational Operators operators
Logical operators
Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
Special operators
 Relational operators are used to find the relation between
two variables. i.e. to compare the values of two variables.
Exercise
 int i=10, j=20, k=30;

 float f=5.5;

 char ch=‘A’;

• i<j
• (j+k)>=(i+k)
• i+f <=10
• i+(f <=10)
• ch==65
• ch >= 10*(i+f)
 Arithmetic operators

Logical Operators
Assignment operators
Inc/dec operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
 These operators are used to perform logical Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
operations on the given expressions. Special operators

 There are 3 logical operators in C language. They are,

logical AND (&&), logical OR (||) and logical NOT (!).
Logical Operators
Exercise

 Given that: int a = 5, b = 2, c = 4, d = 6,, e = 3 ;

What is the result of each of the following relational
expressions?
1. a > b
2. a != b
3. d % b == c % b
4. a * c != d * b
5. d * b == c * e
6. a * b < a % b * c
7. c % b * a == b % c * a
8. b % c * a != a * b
9. d % b * c > 5 || c % b * d < 7
10.d % b * c > 5 && c % b * d < 7
 Exercise

 For each of the following statements, assign variable names for the
unknowns and rewrite the statements as relational expressions.
1. A customer's age is 65 or more.
2. The temperature is less than 0 degrees and greater than -15
degrees.
3. A person's height is in between 5.8 to 6 feet.
4. The current month is 12 (December).
5. The person's age is 65 or more but less than 100.
6. A number is evenly divided by 4 or 400 but not with 100
7. A person is older than 55 or has been at the company for more
than 25 years.
8. A width of a wall is less than 4 meters but more than 3 meters.
9. An employee's department number is less than 500 but greater
than 1, and they've been at the company more than 25 years.
 Arithmetic operators
Example program for Assignment operators
Inc/dec operators
Relational operators
logical operators in C Logical operators
Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
Special operators

Output:
&& Operator : Both conditions are true
|| Operator : Only one condition is true
! Operator : Both conditions are true. But, status is inverted as
false
Try this example program
and explain the results

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=5, b=-7, c=0, d;
d = ++a && ++b || ++c;
printf("\n %d %d %d
%d",a,b,c,d);
}
 Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators

Bit wise Operators Inc/dec operators

Relational operators
Logical operators
Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
Special operators

 One of C’s powerful features is a set of bit manipulation operators. These

permit the programmer to access and manipulate individual bits within a
piece of data to perform bit operations. The various Bitwise Operators
available in C are shown in Figure
 Decimal values are converted into binary values which are the sequence
of bits and bit wise operators work on these bits.
 These operators can operate upon ints and chars but not on floats and
doubles.
 Arithmetic operators

Special Operators Assignment operators

Inc/dec operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Bit wise operators
Conditional operators
Special operators
Example program for
Special operators in C
Example program for
sizeof() operator in C

Output:
Storage size for int data type:4
Storage size for char data type:1
Storage size for float data type:4
Storage size for double data
type:8