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Calculus II

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29 views11 pages

Calculus II

Uploaded by

ertc13m220110
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CALCULUS II

Integration
Name: Group: G1
Barzi Bashar, Arshad Yakta, Moayad Waysi, Birhat Enzar, Muhamad
Abdulkhalq, Siraj Sbhan.
INTEGRATION
Integration is a fundamental concept
in calculus that involves finding the
area under a curve. It has many
practical applications in science,
engineering, economics, and other
fields.
HERE IS AN OUTLINE OF
WHAT WE'LL COVER IN
THIS SEMINAR ON
INTEGRATION:
1.Introduction to Integration
2.The Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus
3.Integration Techniques
4.Applications of Integration
5.Partial fraction decomposition
6.integration by parts
7.Applications of Integration in
Engineering
8.Conclusion
INTRODUCTION TO
INTEGRATION
Integration is the process of finding the
antiderivative of a function. The
antiderivative of a function f(x) is another
function F(x) such that F'(x) = f(x). The
symbol used to represent integration is ∫,
which is called the integral sign. The
function being integrated is placed after the
integral sign, and the limits of integration
are placed on either side of the integral
sign.
The integral can be thought of as the area
under the curve of a function f(x) between
two points a and b on the x-axis. This is
represented by the following formula:
∫[a,b] f(x) dx
THE FUNDAMENTAL
THEOREM OF CALCULUS
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus is one of the most
important theorems in calculus, and it connects
differentiation and integration. There are two parts to the
theorem:
Part 1: If f(x) is a continuous function on the interval
[a,b], and F(x) is any antiderivative of f(x), then
∫[a,b] f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)
Part 2: If f(x) is a continuous function on the interval
[a,b], and
F(x) = ∫[a,x] f(t) dt
then
F'(x) = f(x)
In other words, if we integrate a function and then
differentiate the result, we get back the original function.
INTEGRATION
TECHNIQUES
There are several integration techniques
that can be used to find the antiderivative of
a function. Some of the most commonly
used techniques include:
•Integration by substitution
•Integration by parts
•Partial fraction decomposition
•Trigonometric substitution
•Integration of rational functions
•Integration of improper integrals
Each of these techniques has its own unique
set of rules and methods, and they can be
applied in different situations depending on
the function being integrated.
APPLICATIONS
OF INTEGRATION
Integration has many
applications in science,
engineering, economics, and
other fields. Some examples of
these applications include:
•Finding the area under a curve
•Calculating volumes of objects
•Calculating work done by a
force
•Determining the center of
mass of an object
•Solving differential equations
PARTIAL FRACTION
DECOMPOSITION
This technique involves
breaking down a complicated
fraction into simpler fractions
whose antiderivatives can be
easily found. For example, if
we have to integrate the
function f(x) =
(x+2)/(x²+3x+2), we can
apply partial fraction
decomposition to break it
down into simpler fractions.
INTEGRATION BY
PARTS

This technique involves breaking


down a complicated function into
two simpler functions and applying
the product rule of differentiation.
For example, if we have to
integrate the function f(x) =
x*sin(x), we can apply integration
by parts by choosing u = x and
dv/dx = sin(x).
APPLICATIONS OF
INTEGRATION IN
ENGINEERING
1.Designing control systems: Integration can be used in
designing control systems, which are used to control and
regulate various processes in engineering.
2.Calculating stress and strain: Integration can be used to
calculate stress and strain in various engineering applications,
such as designing structures and materials.
3.Analyzing circuits: Integration can be used to analyze
electrical circuits in engineering, which can help in designing
and troubleshooting these circuits.
These are just a few examples of the many applications of
integration in engineering.
CONCLUSION
Integration is a fundamental concept in calculus that
involves finding the antiderivative of a function.
It has many practical applications in science,
engineering, economics, and other fields.
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus connects
differentiation and integration, and there are several
integration techniques that can be used to find the
antiderivative of a function.
By understanding integration and its applications, we
can better understand the world around us and solve a
variety of real-world problems.

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