Presentation On:

Analyzing Magnitude of Earthquake by Using

Seismograph and Installing Alarming System to
Alert Before the Disaster
Group Members:
Syed Arsalan Ali 1594-2021
Ashar Jawed 1991-2021
Abdul Majid 2069-2021
Athar Ansari 875-2021
Abdul Rehman 1841-2021
Introduction:
Our proposed project is designed to monitor seismic waves with real-time data and
provide instant alert. It’s a pendulum type earthquake detector which is interconnected
with fault point finder, wireless alarm, GSM kit and automatic turn off system.
Earthquakes are powerful natural phenomena caused by the movement of tectonic plates.
The huge ground vibrations from an earthquake are usually from the S-wave and coming
after surface waves, which rotate at about 3.5 km/s. When P-wave strike the pendulum, it
activates relay and send the pulse to activate the wireless alarm which can be install at
any place as it detects the P-waves and can save human lives as they will be aware of
how to deal with this situation. Seismographs are devices used to measure and record
seismic waves produced by volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and other seismic
phenomena {Chen, et al. (2022)}.

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Seismographs: Seismographs are measuring devices used to scale seismic
waves caused by earthquakes.

Seismogram: The paper recording the results and measurements that are taken are
called seismograms.
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Overview:
- Ground Motion Detection.

- Detect P-waves, warn before S-waves.

- Early warning alarm system.

- Message Alert.

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Ground Motion Detection:
Seismographs use suspended masses to detect the movement of the earth's surface caused
by seismic waves.

Early warning alarm system:

An early warning alarm system is a technology designed to detect initial signals of seismic
activity, such as earthquakes, and alert people before the main event occurs. It aims to
provide advance notice to minimize damage and enhance safety.

Message Alert:
Seismic data is used to assess the severity of an earthquake and guide emergency response
efforts, helping to direct resources and save lives.

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Detect P-waves, warn before S-waves.
P-waves:
Essential waves, the quickest seismic waves that movement through the World's inside.

S-waves:
Auxiliary waves, the more slow however more disastrous waves that cause the most harm.

Early Warning:
Seismographs recognize the P-waves first, permitting them to give a caution before the
appearance of the S-waves.

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Background:
Earthquakes are intricate natural calamities that result in substantial
destruction and fatalities. Understanding seismic activity, early warning
systems, and structural health monitoring all depend on accurate data
gathering during earthquakes (Kanamori, 2005). The precision of data
and real-time transmission of traditional seismographs are limited
(Buland, 1986). The creation of sophisticated seismographs is made
possible by recent developments in sensor technology and data gathering
systems (Wang et al., 2020).

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Problem Statement:
The primary challenge in seismograph technology is accurately
measuring and interpreting the complex patterns of seismic waves
generated by earthquakes and other events. Identifying the exact
location, magnitude, and characteristics of a seismic event requires
sophisticated data analysis and interpretation.

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Objective:
The main objectives are as follows:
• Locate earthquake prone areas.
• Placement of seismic table on prone areas.
• Place seismograph on seismic table.
• Detect magnitude of earthquake by the help of graph
and send SMS alerts to the public.

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Scope:
- Future developments in earthquake detection systems.

- Integration of pendulums with modern technology.

- Integrate SMS and multimodal alert systems for instant public notifications.

- Develop customizable alerts for diverse user needs.

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Limitations of Conventional Seismographs:
- P-waves provide only a brief warning before S-waves
arrive, limiting the response time.
- Limited precision in measuring seismic activity
- Sensitivity to minor tremors can trigger false alarms.
- Difficulty in distinguishing between seismic noise
and actual earthquake signals.

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Significance of Earthquake Data Collection:
- Impact of earthquakes on society and infrastructure.

- Importance of accurate seismic data collection.

- Evaluates seismic hazards.

- Identifies high-risk areas for focused mitigation.

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LITERATURE REVIEW:
The thought to give early warning by using seismic waves to prevent
coming disaster is not new. The concept of earthquake early warning
systems has evolved significantly over time, reflecting advancements in
seismology and technology.
Early warning systems and seismograph analysis have long been used to
prevent disasters. Modern systems like Shake Alert in the U.S. and Japan’s
Earthquake Early Warning System use real-time data and advanced
algorithms to issue timely alerts. Researchers and institutions continue to
enhance these systems, building on past work.

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Historical Context:
In the 19th century, Dr. J.D. Cooper proposed an early idea for an alert system in San
Francisco, aiming to use electric wires to ring bells in response to seismic activity [1] .

In late 1950s, basic seismometers implement to give alarm for warning to railway
stations. After the bullet train project start in 1964, an automatic turn-off system was
put into operation to stop or slow the train as it detects the seismic waves. Recently
used UREDAS (urgent earthquake detection and alarm system) has a complicated
algorithm for finding the location and waves of earthquake recently using by the
Japanese railway system. Some companies develop efficient real time ground motion
detection system for quick response in emergency. Recently, the city Yokohama started
a project to install a 150 stations network for real time monitoring.

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Mid-20th Century Developments:
Basic seismometers were implemented in the 1950s to enhance railway safety in
Japan. This era also saw the introduction of Thomas Heaton's Seismic Computerized
Alert Network (SCAN), designed to protect infrastructure and systems by providing
early alerts (Heaton, 2002) .

Advancements in Seismology:
In the late 20th century, Hiroo Kanamori highlighted the potential of real-time
seismology for hazard mitigation, advocating for the development of reliable
earthquake information systems that could improve building codes and
emergency response strategies (Kanamori, Hauksson, & Heaton, 1997) .

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Technological Innovations:
- The UREDAS system in Japan, developed during the late 20th century, advanced
earthquake detection with sophisticated algorithms, enhancing the safety of high-
speed railways (Nakamura, 2004) .

- Taiwanese seismologist Yih-Min Wu's Virtual Subnet Work (VSN), developed in

the early 2000s, significantly reduced earthquake warning times (Wu & Teng, 2002) .

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Methodology : Research design
This project aims to develop an earthquake detection and alert system. The
methodology consists of four key phases:
-In the first phase, recognize the earthquake prone areas in Pakistan
-In the second phase, place the seismic table on earthquake prone areas
-In the third phase, place seismograph on seismic table
-In the fourth phase, detect the magnitude of earthquake by the help of seismograph
and send SMS alerts to the public before the earthquake get worst.

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1: Recognize the earthquake prone areas in Pakistan.
Identify regions with a high probability of experiencing earthquakes.

• Conduct a thorough review of historical earthquake data to identify patterns and

high-risk zones.

• Utilize geological surveys and seismological data from reputable sources such as
the US Geological Survey (USGS) and local seismological institutions.

• Employ Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map out and visualize

earthquake-prone areas.

• Consider factors such as fault lines, tectonic plate boundaries, and past seismic
activity in the analysis.
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2: Place the seismic table on earthquake prone areas.
Install the seismic tables in identified high-risk zones to monitor
seismic activities accurately.

• Design and construct seismic tables with appropriate materials to

ensure stability and accuracy in recording seismic activities.

• Collaborate with local authorities and landowners to gain access and

permission for installation.

• Ensure that the seismic tables are properly anchored and calibrated
for precise measurements.

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3: Place seismograph on seismic table:
Equip the seismic table with seismograph to detect magnitude of earthquake and
record seismic activities.
• Select high-quality seismograph which can detect a wide range of seismic wave
frequencies and magnitudes.
• Carefully mount the seismograph on the seismic table, ensuring they are firmly
attached and free from external vibrations.
• Test the seismograph to verify proper functionality and calibration.
• Establish a data transmission system to relay recorded seismic data to a central
monitoring station for analysis.

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4: Detect the magnitude of earthquake by graph and send
SMS to alert the public:
• Develop a system to analyse seismic data, detect earthquakes, and
alert the public via SMS in real time.
• Create algorithms to process and analyze the seismic data received
from the seismographs to determine the magnitude.
• Set predefined thresholds for magnitude levels that trigger alerts.
• Integrate the detection system with a reliable SMS gateway capable
of sending mass notifications to the public.
• Develop a database of contact numbers for residents in the
earthquake-prone areas

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 References
1. IEEE Spectrum. (2021). A Brief History of Earthquake Warnings.
Retrieved from
http://spectrum.ieee.org/atwork/innovation/a-brief-history-of-earthqu
ake-warning
2. Heaton, T. (2002). The Virtual Seismologist (VS) method: A
Bayesian approach to earthquake early warning. California Institute
of Technology.
3. Nakamura, Y. (2004). Uredas, urgent earthquake detection and alarm
system, now and future. 13th World Conference on Earthquake
Engineering, Vancouver, Canada.
4. Kanamori, H., Hauksson, E., & Heaton, T. (1997). Real-time
seismology and earthquake hazard mitigation. Nature, 390.

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