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Day 2

The philosophy of the human person is a branch of philosophical inquiry that seeks to understand the nature, essence, and existence of human beings. It explores fundamental questions about what it means to be human, the relationship between mind and body, the nature of consciousness, and the moral and ethical implications of human actions and decisions. Key Themes and Concepts Nature of the Self: Central to this philosophy is the exploration of identity and selfhood. Philosophers ask questions

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15 views11 pages

Day 2

The philosophy of the human person is a branch of philosophical inquiry that seeks to understand the nature, essence, and existence of human beings. It explores fundamental questions about what it means to be human, the relationship between mind and body, the nature of consciousness, and the moral and ethical implications of human actions and decisions. Key Themes and Concepts Nature of the Self: Central to this philosophy is the exploration of identity and selfhood. Philosophers ask questions

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panesangel83
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INTRODUCTION TO

THE PHILOSOPHY
OF THE HUMAN
PERSON
DAY 2
Philosophizing:
Philosophizing – is to think or express
oneself in a philosophical
manner.
- it considers or discusses (a
matter) from a
philosophical standpoint.
- to philosophize is to think
philosophically or just
deeply and reflectively
Methods of
Philosophizing
1.Phenomenology – truth is based on the
person’s consciousness (Edmund
Husserl)
* It is a philosophy of experience.
* for phenomenology the ultimate
source of all meaning and value is the
lived experience of human beings
* all philosophical systems, scientific
theories, or aesthetic judgments have the
status of abstractions from the ebb and
Methods of
Philosophizing
2. Existentialism - truth is based in
exercising choices and personal
freedom (Søren Kierkegaard)
> the philosophical belief that
we are each responsible for creating
purpose or meaning in our own lives
> “existence precedes essence”
Methods of
Philosophizing
3. Postmodernism - it is accepted that truth
is not absolute (Jean-François Lyotard;
Michael Foucault)
> it emphasizes the diversity of human
experience and multiplicity of perspectives
> Postmodernism's key principles
were complexity and contradiction
>Modernism often sought to break
with tradition and establish new forms and
expressions; Postmodernism was more
open to reinterpreting and ‘reappropriating’
elements from the past
Methods of
Philosophizing
4. Analytical Tradition - should apply
logical techniques to attain conceptual
clarity (Gottlob Frege; G. E. Moore)
> also called linguistic philosophy
> emphasizes the study of
language and the logical analysis of
concepts
> to uncover those truths of the
world and reality which are covered
with linguistic ambiguity
Methods of
Philosophizing
5. Logic and Critical Thinking –
serves as paths to freedom from
half-truths and deceptions
(Socrates, Aristotle, John Dewey)
a) Logic- it is a truth which is based
on reasoning and critical
thinking
> it centered on the
construction and analysis
Methods of
Philosophizing
5. b) Critical Thinking is the process
of using and assessing
reasons to evaluate
statements,
assumptions, and arguments in
ordinary situations
> it focuses on distinguishing
facts and opinions or
personal feelings
FALLACIES (fallacy):
Fallacies are faulty arguments;
> one that is not based on
sound reasoning or logic
> a defect in an argument
other than its having false
premises
Conclusion:
 Phenomenology – conscious
experience
Existentialism – human freedom
Analytical Tradition – sound
understanding of language
Postmodernism – many cultures
Logical and Critical Thinking –
avoiding half-truths and deceptions
Fallacies – detecting defects in
Sample Fallacies:
1. Hasty generalization - conclusions without
sufficient evidence
2. False analogy - because two things are alike in one or
more respects, they are necessarily alike in some other
respect
3. False cause - draws the conclusion that one event is directly
caused by another event without evidence to prove this
4. Ad misericordiam – appeal to pity
5. Ad ignorantiam – has not been proved false
must be true
6. Ad hominem – against a person
7. Ad baculum – force, coercion or threat
8. Ad populum – appeals or exploits people’s
vanities, etc.

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