BSEE 2

Engineering Mechanics
(ENSC 018)

LESSON 2 (cont’d)

Topic:
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEM
(cont’d)

October 3, 2024
7:30am 10:30am
REVIEW / RECAP
GENERAL PRINCIPLES of FORCE
SYSTEM
KINDS:

• COPLANAR Force System:

– System of Forces acting on the same
plane.
(X & Y – axes / plane)

• SPATIAL Force System

- Forces acting on the three dimensional
plane
(X, Y & Z – axes / coordinates)
 Coplanar Forces
Definition:
• Coplanar Force System:
– System of Forces acting on the same plane.
Y
F2

F1 F3

F4

X
 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF FORCE
SYSTEM
• Types of Coplanar Force System:

1. Concurrent Coplanar Force System

– Forces acting on the same plane and at a
common point of application or same position.

2. Parallel Coplanar Force System

- Forces acting on the same plane and in the
same direction.

3. General Coplanar Force System

– Forces acting on the same plane but are not
acting at the same point neither parallel.
Moment of a Force:
Moment is the measure of the capacity or ability of the force to
produce twisting or turning effect about an axis.
The axis is perpendicular to the plane containing the line of
action of the force. The magnitude of moment is equal to the
product of the force and the perpendicular distance from
the axis to the line of action of the force.
The intersection of the plane and the axis is commonly called
the moment center (O), and the perpendicular distance from
the moment center to the line of action of the force is called
moment arm (d).
From the figure, O is the
moment center and d is the
moment arm. The moment M
M of force F about point O is
equal to the product of F and
d.
M=Fd
Couples
Couple is a system of forces whose magnitude of the
resultant is zero and yet has a moment sum.
Geometrically, couple is composed of two equal forces
that are parallel to each other and acting in opposite
direction, but not co-linear.
The magnitude of the couple is given by C:

C=Fd C

Where F are the two forces and d is the moment arm,

or the perpendicular distance between the forces.
 Couples C=F
d
C

Couple is independent of the moment center, thus,

the effect is unchanged in the following conditions.
- The couple is rotated through any angle in its
plane.
- The couple is shifted to any other position in its
plane.
- The couple is shifted to a parallel plane.
In a case where a system is composed entirely of
couples in the same plane or parallel planes, the
 Couples C=F
d In a case where a system is
composed entirely of couples in
C the same plane or parallel
planes, the resultant is a couple
whose magnitude is the
algebraic sum of the original
couples.

Resultant (CR) of several couples in the same

plane or parallel planes is equal to the the
algebraic sum of all couples.

CR = C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 ……. +
Cn
Resultant of a Force
System
Resultant of a force system
• is a single force or a couple that will have the same
effect to the body, both in translation and rotation, if
all the forces are removed and replaced by the
Resultant,Y R.
F2 R

F1 F3

F4

X
(Remember) The Addition of several forces:
Same on how to determine the Resultant
 GENERAL PRINCIPLES of FORCE
SYSTEM
• Types of Coplanar Force System:

1. Concurrent Coplanar Force System

– Forces acting on the same plane and at a
common point of application or same position.

2. Parallel Coplanar Force System

- Forces acting on the same plane and in the
same direction.

3. General Coplanar Force System

– Forces acting on the same plane but are not
acting at the same point neither parallel.
Resultant of a Coplanar Force System
Resultant of a force system is a force or a couple that will have
the same effect to the body, both in translation and rotation, if
all the forces are removed and replaced by the resultant.
The equation involving the resultant of force system are the
following
(for Coplanar Force System)

Rx = ΣFx = Fx1 + Fx2 + Fx3 +...

The x-component of the resultant is equal to the summation of
forces in the x-direction.

Ry = ΣFy = Fy1 + Fy2 + Fy3 +...

The y-component of the resultant is equal to the summation of
forces in the y-direction.

Note that according to the type of force system, one or two or

three of the equations above will be used in finding the resultant.
 RESULTANT OF COPLANAR
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
 Resultant of a Coplanar Concurrent Force
System
The line of action of each forces in coplanar concurrent force
system are on the same plane.
All of these forces meet at a common point, thus concurrent.
In x-y plane, the resultant can be found by the following
formulas:

Rx = ΣFx = Fx1 + Fx2 + Fx3 + Fx4

Ry = ΣFy = Fy1 + Fy2 + Fy3 + Fy4

R, then by tangent function, solve for 𝜃

By Phytagorean Theorem:
Solve for the resultant
direction, . x
 DEET 2
Engineering Mechanics
(ENSC 018)

LESSON 2 (cont’d)

Topic:
RESULTANT OF FORCE SYSTEM
(cont’d)

Sept 30, 2024

1:30pm 4:30pm
RESULTANT OF COPLANAR
PARALLEL FORCE SYSTEM
 Resultant of a Coplanar Parallel Force System
• Note:
• Parallel forces can be in the same or in opposite
directions.
• The sign of the direction can be chosen arbitrarily,
meaning, taking one direction as positive makes the
opposite direction negative.
• The complete definition of the resultant is according
to its magnitude, direction, and line of action.
 Resultant of a Coplanar Parallel Force System
Resultant of Distributed Loads
• The resultant of a distributed load is equal to the area of the
load diagram.
• It is acting at the centroid of that area as indicated.
• The figure below shows the three common distributed loads
namely; rectangular load, triangular load, and trapezoidal load.
Rectangular Load
R = woL

Triangular Load
R = 1/2woL

Trapezoidal Load
R=
wo1L+1/2(wo2−wo1)L
Resultant of a Coplanar Parallel Force System
Example 1:
A parallel force system acts on the lever shown in the
figure below. Determine the magnitude and position
of the resultant.
Resultant of a Coplanar Parallel Force System
Example 1:
A parallel force system acts on the lever shown in the figure below.
Determine the magnitude and position of the resultant.

Solution:

R = ΣF Rd = ΣF(x)
R = 30 + 60 − 20 110d = 2(30) + 5(60) − 7(20) +
+ 40 11(40)

R = 110 lb d = 6 feet
downward Thus, R = 110 lb downward at 6
ft to the right of A.
Resultant of a Coplanar Parallel Force System
Example 2:
The beam AB in the figure below supports a load
which varies an intensity of 220 N/m to 890 N/m.
Calculate the magnitude and position of the resultant
load.
 Resultant of a Coplanar Parallel Force System
Example 2:
The beam AB in the figure below supports a load which varies an intensity
of 220 N/m to 890 N/m. Calculate the magnitude and position of the
resultant load.
Solution:

F1 = 6(220) = 1320 N
F2 = 1/2(6)(670)
=2010
R = F1 N
+ F2 = 1320 + 2010
R = 3330 N

Rd = 3F1 + 4F2
3330d = 3(1320) + 4(2010)
3330d = 12000
d = 3.6 m

Thus, R = 3330 N downward at 3.6 m to the

RESULTANT OF COPLANAR
GENERAL FORCE SYSTEM
 Resultant of a Coplanar General Force
• Note: System
• Forces acting on the same plane and are not acting at the
same point neither parallel.
• The resultant of Coplanar General force system is defined
according to magnitude, inclination, and position.
 Resultant of a Coplanar General Force
Example 1: System
Determine the resultant of the force system shown in the
figure below and its x and y intercepts.
 Resultant of a Coplanar General Force
Example 1: System
Determine the resultant of the force system shown in the figure below and
its x and y intercepts.

Solution:

𝜃
 Resultant of a Coplanar General Force
Example 1: System
Determine the resultant of the force system shown in the figure below and
its x and y intercepts.
Solution (cont’d):

Thus, R = 161.314 lb upward to the right at θx = 21.69°

and intercepts at (1.668, 0) and (0, -0.671).
 Resultant of a Coplanar Concurrent Force
System
Assignment 2:
Problem 1.
Resolve each force acting on the post into its x and y
components.
 Resultant of a Coplanar Concurrent Force
System
Assignment 2:
Problem 2.
Determine the magnitude of the resultant force acting on
the corbel and its direction θ measured counterclockwise
from the x axis.
 Resultant of a Coplanar Parallel Force System
Assignment 2:
Problem 3.
Locate the amount and position of the resultant of the
loads acting on the Fink truss in the figure below.
 Resultant of a Coplanar General Force
System
Assignment 2:
Problem 4.
Completely determine the resultant with respect to
point O of the force system shown in the figure below.
That’s all for today
class, God bless
and see you next
meeting…
 Take Aways and Assignment:
1. Relax and Enjoy Studying
2. Don’t hesitate to ask questions
3. Read/Solve Assignment Problems
4. Advanced Reading for next Topic
5. Ingatz……
6. Pray…….
7. That’s all for today class, God bless
and see you next meeting…