BSEE 2

Engineering Mechanics
(ENSC 018)

LESSON 3

Topic:
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEM

October 10, 2024

7:30am - 10:30am
REVIEW / RECAP
RESULTANT OF COPLANAR
PARALLEL FORCE SYSTEM
 Resultant of a Coplanar Parallel Force System
• Note:
• Parallel forces can be in the same or in opposite
directions.
• The sign of the direction can be chosen arbitrarily,
meaning, taking one direction as positive makes the
opposite direction negative.
• The complete definition of the resultant is according
to its magnitude, direction, and line of action.
 Resultant of a Coplanar Parallel Force System
Resultant of Distributed Loads
• The resultant of a distributed load is equal to the area of the
load diagram.
• It is acting at the centroid of that area as indicated.
• The figure below shows the three common distributed loads
namely; rectangular load, triangular load, and trapezoidal load.
Rectangular Load
R = woL

Triangular Load
R = 1/2woL

Trapezoidal Load
R=
wo1L+1/2(wo2−wo1)L
RESULTANT OF COPLANAR
GENERAL FORCE SYSTEM
 Resultant of a Coplanar General Force
• Note: System
• Forces acting on the same plane and are not acting at the
same point neither parallel.
• The resultant of Coplanar General force system is defined
according to magnitude, inclination, and position.
 DEET 2
Engineering Mechanics
(ENSC 018)

LESSON 3

Topic:
EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM

Sept 30, 2024

1:30pm 4:30pm
Room 303
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A FORCE
• SYSTEM
A particle is said to be in equilibrium if it remains at
rest if originally at rest (Static Equilibrium), or
has a constant velocity if originally in motion
(Dynamic Equilibrium).
• The body is said to be in equilibrium if the resultant
of all forces acting on it is zero.
• Two conditions of equilibrium must be satisfied to
ensure that an object remains in static equilibrium.
• Firstly, the net force acting upon the object
must be zero.
• Secondly, the net torque or moment acting
upon the object must also be zero.
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /STRUCTURE

Static Equilibrium
This is the type of equilibrium in which the resultant of all
the forces acting on the body is zero, i.e. the net
acceleration of the body is zero, and the velocity of the
body is also zero. It means that the body is at rest. So if a
body is at rest and the net acceleration of it is zero, it
means the body is in static equilibrium.
Dynamic Equilibrium
This is the type of equilibrium in which the resultant of all
the forces acting on the body is zero, i.e. the net
acceleration of the body is zero, but the velocity of the body
is not zero. It means that the body is moving with a
constant velocity. So if the net force acting on the body is
zero, and it is still moving with some constant velocity, the
body is said to be in dynamic equilibrium.
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
In order for a structure
to be in equilibrium, all
the forces and couples
(including support
M =0
reactions) acting on it
must balance each R
other, and there must =0
neither be a
resultant force nor a
resultant couple
acting on the
structure.
In short, the
Resultant of the
EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE

M =0
R
=0
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Coplanar Force Systems

These three equations are

referred to as the equations of
equilibrium of plane structures.
The first two of the three
equilibrium equations express,
respectively, that the algebraic
sums of the x components and
y components of all the forces
are zero, thereby indicating
that the resultant force acting
EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Coplanar Force Systems
Types of Supports for Plane Structures
 EQUILIBRIUM OF
CONCURRENT COPLANAR
FORCE SYSTEM
Conditions for Equilibrium of CONCURRENT
EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE / STRUCTURE
Forces

The sum of all the forces along the X-axis (Horizontal or

X Component) is zero.

ΣFx = 0

The sum of all the forces along the Y-axis (Vertical or

Y Component) is zero.

ΣFy = 0
EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Concurrent Coplanar Force
Systems
Example 1:
The members of a truss are connected to the gusset
plate. If the forces are concurrent at point O, determine
the magnitudes of 𝐅 and 𝐓 for equilibrium. Take θ = 30.
EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Concurrent Coplanar Force
SystemsDraw the Free Body Diagram (FBD), then apply
Solution:
Y
the Equations of Equilibrium

∑ 𝐹x = 0 8 kn
X
8 + 5 Sin 45° - T Cos 30°
=0 θ = 30°
45°

T
T=
5 kn

𝐅
Similarly, ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
F – T Sin 30° - 5 Cos 45° =
0

F=
EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Concurrent Coplanar Force
Systems 2:
Example
A cylinder weighing 400 lb is held against a smooth incline
by means of the weightless rod AB in the figure below.
Determine the forces P and N exerted on the cylinder by
the rod and the incline.
EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
Equilibrium of Concurrent Coplanar Force
STRUCTURE
SystemsDraw the FBD
Solution:
ΣFH = 0
Pcos⁡25∘ - Nsin⁡55∘ = 0
P = 0.9038N

ΣFV = 0
Psin⁡25∘ + Ncos⁡55∘ - 400 = 0
(0.9038N)sin⁡25∘ + Ncos⁡55∘ =
400
0.9556N = 400
N = 418.60 lb answer
Then solve for P:
P = 0.9038(418.60)
P = 378.34 lb answer
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Coplanar Force Systems
Solution: Draw the FBD

ΣFH=0
Pcos⁡25∘ - Nsin⁡55∘ = 0
P=0.9038N

ΣFV=0
Psin⁡25∘ + Ncos⁡55∘ - 400 = 0
(0.9038N)sin⁡25∘ + Ncos⁡55∘ = 400
0.9556N = 400

N=418.60 lb answer

P=0.9038(418.60)

P=378.34 lb answer
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Concurrent Coplanar Force
Systems
Example 3:

The 200 kg crate in the

figure is suspended using
the ropes AB and AC. Each
rope can withstand a
maximum force of 10 kN,
before it breaks. If AB
always remains
horizontally, determine the
smallest
angle θ to which the crate
can be suspended before
one of the ropes breaks.
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE / STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Concurrent Coplanar Force
Systems
Solution:
Draw the Free Body Diagram (FBD) of the structure, then apply
the equilibrium equations,

AC = 10
kn

θ =? AB

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
AC Sin θ – 1962 = 0
10 (1000) Sin θ – 1962 W = 200 kg = 200(9.81) =
=0 1962 N
EQUILIBRIUM OF PARALLEL
COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
Conditions for Equilibrium of
Parallel Forces
R=
Y F
2 0
F
1

F3

F X
4
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Conditions for Equilibrium of Parallel Forces

The sum of all the forces is zero.

ΣF = 0

The sum of moment at any point O is zero.

ΣMO = 0
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Parallel Coplanar Force Systems

Example 1:
Determine the reactions for the beam shown in the
figure below.
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Parallel Coplanar Force Systems
Example 1:
Determine the reactions for the beam shown in the figure below

Solution:
FBD

ΣMR2=0
10R1 + 4(400) - 16(300) - 9[14(100)] = 0
R1=1580 lb answer
Check
ΣMR1=0 applying
- 10R2 - 6(300) + 14(400) + 1[14(100)] =
0 ΣFV=0
R2=520 lb answer
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE / STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Parallel Coplanar Force Systems

Example 2:
Determine the reactions for the beam loaded as
shown in the figure below.
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of Parallel Coplanar Force
Systems 2:
Example
Determine the reactions for the beam loaded as shown in the
figure below.
Solution: FBD

MR2=0
7.5R1 - 6(12) - 4.5[3(6)] - 1[1/2(3)(15)] = 0
R1=23.4 kN answer
Check
ΣMR1=0 applying
- 7.5R2 + 1.5(12) + 3[3(6)] + 6.5[1/2(3)(15)]
=0
ΣFV=0
R2=29.1 kN answer
EQUILIBRIUM OF GENERAL
COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
General Coplanar Forces
R
Y

M
F1 F2
F4

F3 X
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Conditions for Equilibrium of General Force
System
There are three equilibrium conditions that can be
used for non-concurrent, non-parallel force system.

The sum of all forces in the x-direction or horizontal is

zero.
ΣFx = 0 or ΣFH = 0

The sum of all forces in the y-direction or vertical is

zero.
ΣFy = 0 or ΣFV = 0

The sum of moment at any point O is zero.

ΣMO = 0
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE / STRUCTURE

Equilibrium of General Coplanar Force

Systems

These three equations are

referred to as the equations of
equilibrium of plane structures.
The first two of the three
equilibrium equations express,
respectively, that the algebraic
sums of the x components and
y components of all the forces
are zero, thereby indicating
that the resultant force acting
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of General Coplanar Force Systems

Example 1: A boom AB is supported in a horizontal

position by a hinge A and a cable which runs from C
over a small pulley at D as shown in the figure.
Compute the tension T in the cable and the horizontal
and vertical components of the reaction at A. Neglect
the size of the pulley at D.
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE / STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of General Coplanar Force Systems

Solution: Draw the FBD of By R & P:

TV / T = 2 / √5
beam AB
 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE /
STRUCTURE
Equilibrium of General Coplanar Force Systems
Solution: From the FBD Apply the 3 Equations of
Equilibrium ΣMA = 0
Free Body Diagram (FBD)
- 4(2/√5 T) + 2(200) + 6(100)
=0
T = 279.51 lb answer

ΣFV = 0
AV + 2/√5(T) – 200 – 100 = 0
AV + 2/√5(279.51) = 300
AV = 50 lb answer

ΣFH = 0
AH - 1/√5(T) = 0
AH = 1/√5(279.51)
Assignment: Problem 1
A 300-lb box is held at rest on a smooth plane by a
force P inclined at an angle θ with the plane as shown in the
figure below. If θ = 45°, determine the value of P and the
normal pressure N exerted by the plane.
Assignment: Problem 2
The roof truss as shown in the figure is supported by a
roller at A and a hinge at B. Find the values of the
reactions.
Assignment: Problem 3
The frame shown in Fig. P-348 is supported in pivots at A and B.
Each member weighs 5 kN/m. Compute the horizontal reaction at
A and the horizontal and vertical components of the reaction at
B.
That’s all for today
class, God bless
and see you next
meeting…
 Take Aways and Assignment:
1. Relax and Enjoy Studying
2. Don’t hesitate to ask questions
3. Read/Solve Assignment Problems
4. Advanced Reading for next Topic
5. Ingatz……
6. Pray…….
7. That’s all for today class, God bless
and see you next meeting…