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PWM &harmonic

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58 views22 pages

PWM &harmonic

Uploaded by

praarthy3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTERNAL CONTROL OF INVERTER

PWM control technique


• Different types of PWM control techniques are
• Single Pulse width Modulation (SPWM)
• Multiple -pulse width modulation (MPWM)
• Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SinPWM)
• Modified sinusoidal PWM.
Single Pulse Width Modulation
Single Pulse Width Modulation
Multiple -pulse width modulation (MPWM)
Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SinPWM)
Modified sinusoidal PWM
Harmonic control of Inverters
INTRODUCTION
• Harmonic current will increase that will give
over heating in the induction motor.
• Harmonics cause loss in the AC system.
• On critical load, torque pulsation produced by
the harmonic
• Current can be harmful.
• The control and regulating circuits is not
properly sheilded, the harmonics will affect
the operation and gives malfunctioning
effects.
Methods to reduce Harmonic content

• The reduction of harmonic contents


and also improve the output voltage
waveform various methods are used.
• 1. Single pulse width modulation
• 2. Transformer connection
• 3. Multiple commutation in each half
cycle
• 4. stepped wave inverters
Harmonic reduction by single pulse width
modulation
• Width of the pulse is adjusted to reduce the harmonics
• The RMS value of the amplitude of harmonic voltages of
1 pulse modulated wave is given by

4Vs np 2 2Vs
V Ln sin 
2n 2 n
• Where p is the width of the pulse
• If we want to eliminate 3rd harmonic
• VL3 = 0 4Vs np 4Vs
sin
3p
0 when P 120
V Ln sin 0 3 2 2
2n 2

To eliminate 5th harmonic P=72°


Harmonics reduction by Transformer
connection
Wave form
In order to eliminate the 3rd harmonics in the output
waveform VL by writing Fourier series for VL1 and VL2

The resultant voltage gives elimination of 3rd harmonics.


And also multiples of 3rd harmonics as 9th 12th …..
Harmonic reduction by Multiple commutation in
Each half cycle

•Single phase inverter


• Each half cycle one thyristor is commutated at
the end.
• So we get square wave output.
• Instead of having commutation at the end of half
cycle, some more commutation can be created in
the half cycle as shown below.
Contd…
4Vs  1  2 cos 31  2 cos 3 3 
B3    0
  3 

4Vs  1  2 cos 51  2 cos 5 3 


B5    0
  5 
Harmonic reduction by stepped wave
Inverters
Wave form
Current Source inverter
• In the VSI the load current is forced to fluctuates from the +ve
to –ve, and vice versa with L load.
• So the freewheeling diode is required to minimize the
fluctuations.
• In order to maintain constant output voltage, a large capacitor
should be connected at the input side of the inverter.
• But the CSI effectively maintain the constant level irrespective
of the load and inverters conditions.
• This can be achieved by inserting large series inductance with
the input source in the input side make the input voltage has
low di/dt

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