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1.2 Memory and 1.3 Storage

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24 views41 pages

1.2 Memory and 1.3 Storage

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tmullis17
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Homework for 31st October

Knowledge Organiser: Python Programming Techniques:

Learn the meaning of:

string, integer, real, boolean, variable, constant, operator,


input, output, algorithm, loop.
Secondary Storage
Increasing memory speed and cost

CD,
DVD, Magnetic Solid state
Memory Hard disk
stick drive

Secondary storage

Volatile: Data is lost when the power is switched off.

Non-volatile: Data is retained when the power is switched off.

Secondary storage is non-volatile long term storage. It is normally portable to


some degree e.g. ROM is not secondary but primary.

Examples: Solid state hard drive, magnetic hard drive, memory stick, DVD, CD.
Note cloud storage is reliant on one of these technologies, normally magnetic.
Quizzing for Memory

1. What do we call memory that remains when the power is


switched off?
(non-volatile)
2. What do we call memory that is lost when the power is
switched off?
(volatile)
Memory: Internal Storage
ROM
ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It can never
be changed. It stores the instructions to tell the
computer how to ‘boot up’.

RAM
RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It can
be changed (written over). It is (quite) fast
memory that the computer uses for the
programs that are currently running.
Quizzing for Memory
1. What does RAM stand for?
(random access memory)
2. What does ROM stand for?
(read only memory)
3. Which memory stores the currently running program?
(RAM)
4. Which memory stores the boot up instructions?
(ROM)
5. Is RAM volatile or non-volatile?
(volatile)
6. Is ROM volatile or non-volatile?
(non-volatile)
7. What are the instructions needed to start the computer called?
(boot up)
Solid state storage
Solid state storage: Uses electronic
circuits, similar to RAM, but it keeps its
memory when turned off. Used in solid
state hard drives and flash drives.
Optical storage
Optical storage: Uses tiny
grooves in disks that reflect laser
light. Used in CDs and DVDs.
Magnetic Storage
Magnetic storage: Uses magnetic
material that is made into a tape or
spinning disk. Used in normal hard
drives.
Solid State Storage
Optical
Solid state
Magnetic
Solid State Storage
Optical
Solid state
Solid State Storage
Solid state
Magnetic
Solid state
Optical
Characteristics of Secondary Storage

Cost

Reliability: Can it accurately reproduce the data?

Speed: How quickly can it transfer data?

Portability: How easily can it be moved?


CRiSPy DuCk
y

Durability: Can it take knocks and bumps?

Capacity: How much data can it store?

k
Virtual Memory
When a computer runs out of space in RAM it uses space on the hard
drive instead.

When it does this it is called ‘virtual memory’.

It is really slow for two reasons…


• A hard drive is slow compared to RAM
• Information has to be copied from RAM to the hard drive (when it is
not needed) and back again.

The continual movement of the disk and the read head can be heard as
it is accessed many times per second. This is called disk thrashing.
Quizzing for Memory
1. When a computer runs out of space in RAM what does it use?
(virtual memory)
2. Virtual memory is (fast / slow) and (quiet / noisy)

(slow, noisy)
3. Is virtual memory faster than RAM?

(no)
4. Virtual memory is used when we run out of (RAM / ROM).

(RAM)
5. Where does the additional memory for virtual memory come
from?
(hard drive)
Quizzing for Memory
1. What is non-volatile storage that can be removed from the
computer called?
(secondary storage)
2. Give an example of a solid state storage device
(solid state hard drive)
3. Give an example of magnetic storage
(magnetic hard drive)
4. Give an example of optical storage
(CD or DVD)
5. Give an example of flash storage
(memory stick)
6. Which characteristic of secondary storage describes the
amount of data it can store?
(capacity)
Quizzing for Memory
7. Which characteristic of secondary storage describes how
quickly it can transfer data?
(speed)
8. Which characteristic of secondary storage describes how
accurately it can store data?
(reliability)
9. Which characteristic of secondary storage describes how
easily it can be moved?
(portability)
10. Which characteristic of secondary storage describes how well
it can tolerate bumps?
(durability)
11. Which characteristic of secondary storage describes its price?
(cost)
Quizzing for Memory
12. Which has the greatest speed (solid state, optical or
magnetic)
(solid state)
13. Which is least durable (solid state, optical or magnetic)
(magnetic)
14. Which is least portable (solid state, optical or magnetic)
(magnetic)
15. Which is the most costly (solid state, optical or magnetic)
(solid state)
16. Which has the highest capacity (solid state, optical or
magnetic)
(magnetic)
Solid state Magnetic hard drive
hard drive
Solid state hard drive
Magnetic hard drive
10/10 First time BBC Bitesize

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