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Introduction To Object Oriented Programming

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Introduction To Object Oriented Programming

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garggiiipatil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Object Oriented Programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming


paradigm using "objects" – data structures consisting of
data fields and methods together with their interactions
– to design applications and computer programs.
Programming techniques may include features such as
data abstraction, encapsulation, messaging, modularity,
polymorphism, and inheritance. Many modern
programming languages now support OOP.
Programming paradigm :

A programming paradigm is a fundamental style of


computer programming. Paradigms differ in the
concepts and abstractions used to represent the elements
of a program (such as objects, functions, variables,
constraints, etc.) and the steps that compose a
computation (assignment, evaluation, continuations,
data flows, etc.).
Classes:

In object-oriented programming, a class is a construct that is used as a


blueprint to create instances of the class (class instances, class objects,
instance objects or just objects). A class defines constituent members which
enable class instances to have state and behavior. Data field members
(member variables or instance variables) enable a class object to maintain
state. Other kinds of members, especially methods, enable a class object's
behavior. Class instances are of the type of the associated class.

For example, an instance of the class "Fruit" (a "Fruit" object) would be of the
type "Fruit". A class usually represents a noun, such as a person, place or
(possibly quite abstract) thing. Programming languages that include classes as
a programming construct subtly differ in their support for various class-
related features. Most support various forms of class inheritance. Many
languages also support advanced encapsulation control features, such as
access specifiers.
Object:

Object is an run time entity.

Is an Instance of class

Represents a Place ,Person ,anything that have some


attributes.
Objects and Instances:

There is a very important distinction between an object


and an instance of an object. An object is actually a
definition, or a template for instances of that object. An
instance of an object is an actual thing that can be
manipulated. For instance, we could define a Person
object, which may include such member data as hair
color, eye color, height, weight, etc. An instance of this
object could be "Dave" and Dave has values for hair
color, eye color, etc. This allows for multiple instances of
an object to be created.
Data Encapsulation and Abstraction:

Data encapsulation, sometimes referred to as data hiding.

Data Encapsulation and Data Abstraction is one of the most striking feature of object oriented
programming.

The wrapping up of data and code into a single unit is called data encapsulation. The data is
not accessible to the outside world only those functions which are wrapped into a class can
only access the private data of the class.

Contd…
The concept of data encapsulation is supported in C++ through the
use of the public, protected and private keywords which are placed in
the declaration of the class.

Note :
Anything in the class placed after the public keyword is accessible
to all the users of the class

Elements placed after the protected keyword are accessible only to


the methods of the class or classes derived from that class

Elements placed after the private keyword are accessible only to the
methods of the class.
Inheritance :

Inheritance is one of the most striking feature of object


oriented programming.

Inheritance is the process by which one class can


acquire the properties of another class.

The new classes, known as subclasses (or derived


classes), inherit attributes and behavior of the pre-
existing classes, which are referred to as superclasses
(or ancestor classes). The inheritance relationships of
classes gives rise to a hierarchy

Contd…
A superclass, base class, or parent class is a class from
which other classes are derived. The classes that are
derived from a superclass are known as child classes,
derived classes, or subclasses.

In object-oriented programming (OOP), inheritance


is a way to compartmentalize and reuse code by
creating collections of attributes and behaviors
called objects which can be based on previously
created objects.

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