CREANE MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL

NAME = SHIZA AMIR

CLASS = X‘D’
ROLL NO. = 38
SUBJECT = SOCIAL SCIENCE
TOPIC = LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY

INTRODUCTION
FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANY COUNTRY ,NOT ONLY THE
PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES IS IMPORTANT
BUT ALSO THEIR MOVEMENT USING DIFFERENT MODES
OF TRANSPORT .
METHOD FOR THE INPORTANT OF GOODS AND
SERVICES FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER IS CALLED
MEANS OF TRANSPORT
 MEANS OF TRANPORT

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 TRANSPORT(ROADWAYS)
With a total length of over 54.7 lakh kilometres,
India boasts one of the biggest road networks
globally. The following lists the increasing
significance of Vehicle travel over rail transit:

• Road construction is significantly less expensive than

building railway tracks.
• More geographically challenging areas that the
railroads are unable to reach can be covered by
roads.
• Roads may readily be built into and through
mountains like the Himalayas, allowing them to
cover higher grades of slope.
• Transport by road is cost-effective.
• It offers door-to-door service as well.
• Seaports, airports, and train stations are connected
via road transportation.
• Based on their capacity, Indian highways are divided
into the following six groups.
Golden Quadrilateral Superhighways
The Golden Quadrilateral is a highway network that links Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Mumbai,
India’s major four metropolises.
The National Highway Authority of India is in charge of carrying out these road developments
(NHAI).
National Highways – The Central Public Works Department(CPWD) is responsible for the
construction and upkeep of the network of trunk roadways known as the National Highways.
Between Delhi and Amritsar, National Highway No. 1 is known as the ancient Sher-Shah Suri
Marg.
State Highways – State Highways are the routes that connect several district heads to the state
capital. The State Public Works Department (PWD) builds and maintains these highways.
District Roads – The district headquarters and other locations are connected by these highways.
The Zila Parishad is in charge of maintaining these roads.
Other Roads – This category includes rural highways that connect villages and rural areas with
towns. A major boost to these roads came from the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.
Border Roads – The organisation known as Border Roads Organisation builds and maintains
roads along the nation’s borders. This institution was founded in 1960 with the goal of
developing strategically significant roads in the border regions to the north and northeast.
Additionally, roads can be categorised according to the kind of material that was used to build
them, including:
Metalled roads – Bitumen, coal, concrete, or cement can all be used to make metalled
roadways. These are weather-resistant roadways.
Unmetalled roads – In the rainy season, unsealed roads are closed.
 TRANSPORT(RAILWAYS)
• In India, the primary means of transportation
for large loads and heavy goods across short
and long distances is the railway. India’s
economy now depends more on the railways.
However, there are a few issues with rail
transport as well, which are listed below:
• In order to install railway lines, bridges must
be built over the broad banks of rivers.
• Railway tracks are buried in low hills, gaps, and
tunnels in the peninsula’s rough geography.
• Because the Himalayan mountains have the
greatest elevation points on Earth, a sparse
population, and little economic opportunities,
they are also not ideal for the development of
railway lines.
• Railway lines are hard to install on sandy
 PIPELINES
• Pipelines, typically buried, are used in
pipeline networks to distribute and
move fluids. These are employed in the
transportation of large thermal power
plants, fertiliser industries, water,
natural gas, and petroleum goods.
When solids are made into a slurry, they
can also be moved via a pipeline.
In the nation, there are three significant
pipeline transportation networks.
1. From oil field in upper Assam to
Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)
2. From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar
in Punjab PIPLINES OPERATION IN INDIA
3. From Hazira in Gujarat to Jagdishpur
in Uttar Pradesh
 WATERWAYS
• The least expensive form of transportation is by water. They work best for
transporting large, bulky items. It is an environmentally beneficial and
fuel-efficient form of transportation.
• India’s National Waterways are:
• N.W. No.1 – The Ganga River between Allahabad and Haldia (1620 km).
• N.W. No.2 – The Brahmaputra River between Sadiya and Dhubri (891
km).
• N.W. No.3 – The West-Coast Canal in Kerala (Kottapurma-Kollam,
Udyogamandal and Champakkara canals-205 km).
• N.W. No.4 – Specified stretches of Godavari and Krishna rivers along with
the Kakinada Puducherry stretch of canals (1078 km).
• N.W. No.5 – Specified stretches of river Brahmani along with Matai river,
delta channels of Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers and East Coast Canal
(588 km).
• India’s inland waterways include the backwaters of Kerala, the Mandavi,
Zuari, and Cumberjua, the Sunderbans, and Barak
 MAJOR SEA PORTS
• India uses its ports to carry out its trade with other nations. India has 200
recognised non-major (minor/intermediate) ports in addition to its two
major ports.
• The list of India’s principal ports is as follows:
• The first port to be established in Kachchh after independence was Kandla.
Another name for it is the Deendayal Port.
• The largest port, Mumbai, has a large, naturally sheltered harbour.
• India’s top port for exporting iron ore is Marmagao Port (Goa).
• Iron ore exports are handled by the Mangalore Port in Karnataka.
• The farthest southwest port, Kochchi, is situated near a lagoon’s entrance.
• The location of Tuticorin Port is at the far southeast.
• One of India’s first man-made ports is Chennai.
• The most secure and deepest landlocked port is Visakhapatnam. Paradwip
Port, which is in Odisha, is specialised in the export of iron ore.
• Kolkata is a riverine port located inland.
• The purpose of developing Haldia port as a secondary port was to reduce the
 AIRWAYS
• The fastest, cosiest, and most
prestigious form of transportation is
the aeroplane. Access to
topographical areas such as lengthy
oceans, deep forests, gloomy deserts,
and high mountains has been
facilitated by air travel. In 1953,
aircraft became a national industry.
Both domestic and international flight
travel is offered by aviation India.
• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation uses
Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd.’s
helicopter services for its offshore
operations in difficult-to-reach
locations. But the average person
cannot afford to travel by air.
 COMMUNICATION
• Television, radio, newspapers, films, and other media are India’s main forms of
communication.
• The world’s largest postal network is found in India. It manages both personal letters
and packages.
• Airlifting first-class mail between stations using both land and air transportation is
done.
Book packets, registered newspapers, and journals are examples of second-class mail.
Surface mail is used to transport them via land and sea.
• One of Asia’s biggest telecom networks is located in India. The combination of space
technology with communication technology has enabled Subscriber Trunk Dialling
(STD) facilities throughout India.
• In addition to entertaining people, mass media raises public awareness of numerous
national initiatives and programmes. Radio, TV, newspapers, magazines, books, and
films are all included.
Numerous shows are aired on India Radio Channel (Akashwani) in local, regional, and
national languages.
One of the biggest TV networks in the world is Doordarshan, the national television
network.
In around 100 different languages and dialects, India publishes a sizable number of
newspapers.
 INTERNATIONAL TRADE
• Trade is the exchange of goods between individuals, nations, and states. International trade is
defined as trading between two nations. It is regarded as a nation’s economic barometer. The
two parts of trade are import and export. The difference between a nation’s import and export
is known as its trade balance.
• A positive trade balance exists when the value of exports exceeds the value of imports.
• An unfavourable trade balance occurs when the value of imports surpasses the value of
exports.
• Exported from India- India exports a variety of goods to foreign nations, such as jewellery and
gems, chemicals and associated goods, agricultural products, and related goods.
• Imported to India- India imports a variety of goods, including basic metals, gems and jewellery,
petroleum crude and products, electronics, machinery, agricultural products, and allied goods.

TOURISM AS A TRADE
• The tourist business directly employs around 15 million people. India’s tourism industry:
• Encourages the integration of nations.
• Supports regional handicrafts and artistic endeavours.
• Aids in the growth of global awareness of Indian heritage and culture. Travellers from other
countries come to India for commercial, medical, adventure, cultural, eco-, and heritage-