Welcome, Students!

Enterprise Architecture
INTRODUCTION
Land Acknowledgement
We acknowledge and
honour the Anishnaabe,
Haudenoshaunee, and
Lenape people of
Southwestern Ontario as
the traditional owners and
custodians of the lands
and waterways where
Fanshawe College is
located.
 About Your Course Instructor
• Certified Business Analysis Professional (CBAP)
• PhD in Organizational Psychology from Alliant International University
• B.A. Psychology (UCLA) • 25+ years Consulting in Org Effectiveness
• Change Management and Org Design at Accenture
and Mercer
• Xerox TQM experience
Courses Taught
Business Architecture Organizational Behaviour
Intro to Business Analysis Organization Development & Change
Business Methods Performance Management
Business Process Management Business Ethics
Leadership and Management
Leading by Design
Managing Strategic HR Projects

2015-1001 Fanshawe College Boulevard; P.O. Box 7005 London, Ontario N5Y 5R6 Phone: 519-452-4290 Fax: 519 659-9522 fanshawec.ca
CLASSROOM DECORUM
All students are expected to be in class at the top of the hour. Please be on time as a courtesy to all students.
Additionally, if you have to leave during class, please advise the instructor in advance, sit near the door and leave
quietly to avoid disruption.
Students will not be allowed late entry to the classroom during presentations or when guest speakers are present.
Please be respectful and considerate of other’s opinions and personal space. Additionally, do not monopolize
speaking time in the classroom.
Please raise your hand if you want to say something.
Please do not talk while others are speaking.
Please use laptops for related educational purposes only. Other electronic devices will be allowed at the discretion
of the professor.
Only work pertaining to this course should be done in the class.
Please do not come to class if you have been consuming alcohol or are similarly unfit to attend.
Quiet, nutritious, odor free food is allowed in class provided the students clean up after themselves.
Please do not bring anyone not enrolled to the class (children, friends, family, etc), unless approved by College
personnel. This is a health and safety matter for the College.
Inappropriate language will not be tolerated and may result in penalties in accordance with College policy. Use
English only in ALL communication
Dress code – Please be considerate of others when choosing your attire.

Business Analysis Program

 BUILIDNG NETWORK
1. Name
2. Why did you choose this program
3. What does this diagram mean to you

2015-1001 Fanshawe College Boulevard; P.O. Box 7005 London, Ontario N5Y 5R6 Phone: 519-452-4290 Fax: 519 659-9522 fanshawec.ca
 ABOUT THE PROGRAM
ENDORSEMENT

2015-1001 Fanshawe College Boulevard; P.O. Box 7005 London, Ontario N5Y 5R6 Phone: 519-452-4290 Fax: 519 659-9522 fanshawec.ca
IIBA ENDORSEMENT BENEFITS YOU
✓ Fanshawe Business Analysis program prepares you for
internationally recognized Professional Certification(s)
✓ International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA)
approved Endorsed Education Provider (EPP)
✓ This program is aligned with the Business Analysis Body
of Knowledge (BABOK)
✓ Earns YOU 400+ IIBA recognized Professional
Development (PD) hours
IIBA.org
Business Analysis Program ISBN: 978-
EXPAND
YOU JOB
SEARCH

Not only
“Business
Analyst” role

IIBA.org
Business Analysis Program
 About This Course

2015-1001 Fanshawe College Boulevard; P.O. Box 7005 London, Ontario N5Y 5R6 Phone: 519-452-4290 Fax: 519 659-9522 fanshawec.ca
COURSE RELATIONSHIPS
Project Introduction to
Methods
Management Business Analysis

Strategy and
Architecture Req.
Solution Analysis

Agile BPM Bus Intelligence

Perspectives

Business Case Development

Business Analysis Program Semester 1 Semester 2

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

1. Identify and document organizational architecture.

2. Analyze gaps between organizational architecture and strategic
objectives.
3. Categorize and maintain organizational architecture information.
4. Apply business architecture methodologies to facilitate
organizational change in alignment with strategic goals.
5. Select the appropriate business architecture perspective for an
organization.

Business Analysis Program

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK
ISBN
978-1-260-12148-3

Title
Certified Enterprise Architect all-in-one
exam guide

Prakash C. Rao;Author(s)
Ann Reedy, PhD; Beryl
Bellman, PhD

Publisher
McGraw-Hill Education

Business Analysis Program

 Enterprise Architecture

2015-1001 Fanshawe College Boulevard; P.O. Box 7005 London, Ontario N5Y 5R6 Phone: 519-452-4290 Fax: 519 659-9522 fanshawec.ca
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE (EA)
VS. BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE (BA)
The terms “Enterprise Architecture” and “Business
Architecture” are used interchangeably.
In reality, BA is a component of EA.

●Enterprise Architecture ●Technology

●Business Architecture ●Process

Business Analysis Program

ENTERPRISE

“One or more Mission

organizations sharing a
definite mission, goals, and
objectives to offer an
Product or
output such as a product or Service
service.” [ISO 2000–06]
Objective(s) Goal(s)

Business Analysis Program

ENTERPRISE: EXAMPLE
Airport is an enterprise; must provide capabilities for:
o repeatable and safe aircraft
landings and takeoffs
o loading and unloading aircraft
cargo, passengers, and crew
members
o staging them prior to takeoff; and
processing them after landing
Optionally, may provide capabilities for refreshments and food,
automobile parking, vending, shopping, and many other possibilities

Business Analysis Program Continued…

ENTERPRISE: EXAMPLE

On the organization side, Airport

may have:
o an airport authority managing the
operations
o an air traffic management
managing traffic, and
o multiple airline centers to stage
airlines’ operation

Business Analysis Program

ARCHITECTURE
“The fundamental organization
of a system, embodied in its
components, their relationships
to each other and the
environment, and the principles
governing its design and
evolution.” - ANSI/IEEE
Standard 1471-2000
Automobile electrical architecture

Business Analysis Program

ARCHITECTURE: EXAMPLE

A local joke in NY was that the Empire State Building

was being held up by all the copper wiring inside! Each
succeeding contractor ran their own wires because they
did not have the wiring plans (that is, an explicit electrical
architecture description) and simply cut off the end
points of the old wire, leaving the old wire in the building.

Business Analysis Program

ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE

IEEE: “Enterprise Architecture is a knowledgebase of the

behavioral and structural elements of an enterprise, the
relationships between these elements, and their evolution over
time.”
Business Analysis Program
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
Can you identify the similarities of these two?

Business Analysis Program

BUSINESS IS COMPLEX

Business Analysis Program

COMPLEXITY OF IPHONE PARTS
1. Accelerometer: Bosch Sensortech, based in Germany with locations in the U.S., China,
South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan
2. Audio chips: Cirrus Logic, based in the U.S. with locations in the U.K., China, South
Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and Singapore
3. Battery: Samsung, based in South Korea with locations in 80 countries
4. Battery: Sunwoda Electronic, based in China
5. Camera: Qualcomm, based in the U.S. with locations in Australia, Brazil, China, India,
Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, and more than a dozen locations through Europe and
Latin America
6. Camera: Sony, based in Japan with locations in dozens of countries
7. Chips for 3G/4G/LTE networking: Qualcomm
8. Compass: AKM Semiconductor, based in Japan with locations in the U.S., France,
England, China, South Korea, and Taiwan
9. Glass screen: Corning, based in the U.S., with locations in Australia, Belgium, Brazil,
China, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea,
Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan,
The Netherlands, Turkey, the U.K., and the United Arab Emirates
10. Gyroscope: STMicroelectronics. Based in Switzerland, with locations in 35 countries

Continued …
Business Analysis Program
COMPLEXITY OF IPHONE PARTS
11. Flash memory: Toshiba, based in Japan with locations in over 50 countries
12. Flash memory: Samsung
13. LCD screen: Sharp, based in Japan with locations in 13 countries
14. LCD screen: LG, based in South Korea with locations in Poland and China
15. A-series processor: Samsung
16. A-series processor: TSMC, based in Taiwan with locations in China, Singapore, and the
U.S.
17. Touch ID: TSMC
18. Touch ID: Xintec. Based in Taiwan.
19. Touch-screen controller: Broadcom, based in the U.S. with locations in Israel, Greece,
the U.K., the Netherlands, Belgium, France, India, China, Taiwan, Singapore, and South
Korea
20. Wi-Fi chip: Murata, based in the U.S. with locations in Japan, Mexico, Brazil, Canada,
China, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, India, Vietnam, The
Netherlands, Spain, the U.K., Germany, Hungary, France, Italy, and Finland

Business Analysis Program

ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
EA may provide visual understanding of such complexity of
an organization

Business Analysis Program

ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE BENEFITS
 Resource allocations
 Transformation viability
 Expenditure governance
 Transformational objectives
 Roadmaps

Business Analysis Program

 Foundation Concept of EA

2015-1001 Fanshawe College Boulevard; P.O. Box 7005 London, Ontario N5Y 5R6 Phone: 519-452-4290 Fax: 519 659-9522 fanshawec.ca
CURRENT STATE VS. FUTURE STATE
• Enterprise constantly change.
• “As-is,” or baseline, or “current state”
describes the currently modeled
representation of the enterprise.
• Representation of the enterprise
architecture at a future date is called
the “to-be,” or target, or “future state”
enterprise architecture.

Business Analysis Program Davinci to Aircraft carrier

GAP ANALYSIS
Presuming you’re at DaVinci state and aspiring to be at
Aircraft carrier state

Gap Analysis = Analysis

of the differences
between the two states

• Gaps are addressed by transformation in-smaller phases

• These step-by-step transformation plan is known as Enterprise
Transition Roadmap

Business Analysis Program Refer to MGMT 6124 – METHODS OF BUSINESS ANLYSIS for more on Gap Analysis
TRANSFORMATION
Most airports are constantly in transition and face pressures of increasing
traffic of departures and arrivals, increasing passenger traffic through the
airport, upgrading of technology to meet passenger and stakeholder
expectations of performance, convenience and amenities—and all of these
pressures drive the need for change.
Once an airport is operational, it is essential that it make incremental
transformations while staying open for business. A large transformation will
therefore have to be broken down into small increments that disrupt the
operations of the airport to the smallest extent possible.
The airport master plan is the instrument for describing the planned
transformation increments to the airport. It contains a sequence of to-be
states that describe the intermediate steps within the planned transformation.

Business Analysis Program

EMERGENCE
Unexpected shifts in the marketplace, new competitors, and breakthrough
technology may require changes to the transformation roadmap and change
the enterprise’s strategic vision and target state. An enterprise must be ready
for a new version of the enterprise to emerge from the old in response to
unplanned, reactive evolution of the enterprise.
Example: In the airport, temporary emergent behavior occurs when a single or
a few airlines have scheduling problems and passengers desperately try to
reroute their travel via other airlines. The planning factors that have established
the size of the check-in counters, the number of booking agents, and the ability
to move passengers through the reservation, ticketing, and boarding processes
are severely restricted by available capacity. If this is a normal occurrence,
airlines will adapt over time to an unexpected rush of passengers with
routine responses that are permanently built into their enterprise.

Business Analysis Program

PARTITIONING: EXAMPLE
1. Business areas
2. Product lines or service areas
3. Functional boundaries
4. Physical boundaries
5. Sub-patterns
• Navy, SEC

Business Analysis Program

KEY TERMS
A Solution Architecture is the lowest level of enterprise
architecture, or the finest partition of an enterprise.
Solution is a system that provides automated or nonautomated
support for business processes
A System is a set of components that together provide the
functionality support and desired outputs for a business process.
• May comprise smaller systems, called a system of systems, or
cooperate and collaborate with other systems in a family of
systems

Business Analysis Program

KEY TERMS
An Initiative or a Project is responsible for
1. delivering a single solution
2. a family of solutions, or
3. some aspect of a solution
An Initiative is a collection of resources aimed at achieving an explicit
purpose or outcome
A Project is a schedule of activities that will implement an initiative
and expend the resources allocated to that initiative
Together, initiatives and projects are used to Transform an
enterprise to a desired end state.

Business Analysis Program

STAKEHOLDER
Who is an enterprise architecture stakeholder?

“an individual, team, or

organization (or classes thereof)
with interests in, or concerns
relative to, the outcome of the
architecture. Different stakeholders
with different roles will have
different concerns.” [TOGAF 2009]

Business Analysis Program

KEY TERMS
Viewpoints is one of the organizing structures that most architecture
frameworks provide
Viewpoints are key to connecting the people who need to see the
architecture to those parts of the architecture in which they are most
interested.
Examples:
• A viewpoint for enterprise management, strategy, and planning
• A viewpoint for business process designers, managers, and operators
• A viewpoint for IT/automation designers, managers, developers, and
maintainers
• A viewpoint for data managers and users

Business Analysis Program

KEY TERMS
A View is used to address a subset of the concerns of a specific
viewpoint and is specific to a single viewpoint
Example: Constructing Buildings, architecture is represented in several
standardized views, including a floor plan that describes the layout of
various parts of the building and a front elevation drawing that describes
how the building looks from the front
Views may be represented:
1) informally as pictures and unstructured documents,
2) formally as mathematical models, or
3) semi-formally as relationship matrices & timeline charts
A Viewpoint is defined using one or more views

Business Analysis Program

OTHER KEY TERMS
• Artifacts • Integration
• Pictures • Repositories
• Semiformal Views • Metamodels
• Formal Models • Ontology
• Reference Models • Methodologies and Process

Business Analysis Program

• Artifacts - an architectural work product that
describes an aspect of the architecture; generally
classified as catalogs (lists of things), matrices
(showing relationships between things), and
diagrams (pictures of things). E.G., requirements
catalog, business interaction matrix, and a use-
case diagram

• Pictures - an informal graphical

representation that is not governed by any
specific rules of construction. The primary
criterion for a picture is that it “convey the
information that the architect is trying to convey.”

Business Analysis Program

 KEY TERMS
• Semiformal Views - documents that have a prescribed
outline or content requirements, matrices, and graphics
with limited syntax and semantic rules ules
• Formal Models - representations, graphical or otherwise,
that are constructed according to a set of specific syntax
and semantics rules. These rules determine, for example,
which symbol can be connected to which other symbol and
describe what the meaning of the links and symbols are in
a consistent manner.

Business Analysis Program

REFERENCE MODELS
• Taxonomies associated with frameworks
• Serve to control vocabularies so that architectures
developed by different organizations can be federated or
more easily compared.
• Examples are taxonomies of business functions and
standards. At the enterprise level, reference models may
stand in for viewpoint views; the business process view
may simply consist of a reference model containing the
taxonomy of business functions for the enterprise

Business Analysis Program

 Service
Development

2015-1001 Fanshawe College Boulevard; P.O. Box 7005 London, Ontario N5Y 5R6 Phone: 519-452-4290 Fax: 519 659-9522 fanshawec.ca
INTEGRATION
Two problems exist for an architectural description or
representation organized into a set of viewpoints and
views.
• description needs to provides both a complete
and a consistent description of reality or target
vision.
• the views need to be integrated both within and
across the viewpoints.

Business Analysis Program

REPOSITORIES

Frameworks may have explicit or implicit requirements

for architecture repositories.
These repositories contain information about the
architecture elements and views.
Some frameworks, such as TOGAF, may require
several different types of repositories for different types
of architecture components

Business Analysis Program

METAMODELS
• The organization of the types of elements and their
relationships contained within a view or a set of views
is called a metamodel.
• The metamodel controls what elements and
relationships are valid in the context of a view or a set of
views.
• It acts as a rulebook for the architect.
• An integrated metamodel recognizes that all the views
are describing different facets of a single reality.
Business Analysis Program
Enterprise
Metamodel
ONTOLOGY
The study of existence or reality: what kinds of things exist
(in our case, types of architectural elements) and the types
of relationships between them.
• Associated with a domain of discourse.
• Terms that describe objects that exist are commonly
understood within a domain of discourse, although they
may have synonyms and antonyms outside that domain
of discourse.
• Architecture frameworks may include an ontology to
support their integrated metamodel.
Business Analysis Program
Ontology
Ontology vs. Metamodel
Ontology MetaModel
• Focuses on capturing • Provides a standardized
the fundamental framework for organizing
concepts and their and representing the
meanings within a structure and
specific domain components
• Establishes semantics • Establishes structure
and meaning and organization
METHODOLOGIES AND PROCESS
• Architecture frameworks may include a methodology or
process to guide the development and evolution of
architecture.
• A 2012 Office of Management and Budget report defines
architecture methodology as “the repeatable process by
which architecture documentation will be developed,
archived, and used; including the selection of
principles, a framework, modeling tools, artifacts,
repository, reporting, and auditing.” [OMB 2012]
Business Analysis Program
 TOGAF Architecture
DODAF Architecture
Development Method
Six Step Process
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE
Enterprise architecture provides the knowledgebase for
planning this transformation in an orderly manner,
recognizing dependencies, risks, and issues before
actual transformation projects are undertaken.

i.e. implementing at larger airports > rapid processing of

prescreened passengers through security checkpoints

Business Analysis Program

For Next Week

• Review Chapter 1 for Evaluation #1 Quiz

• Read Chapter 2 on Culture, Climate, and Tribes
 DELIVERABLES
Follow the dates in FOL for assignments, quizzes, and tests
Read materials in FOL, textbook, and your class notes
Be prepared for in class presentation and discussion

2015-1001 Fanshawe College Boulevard; P.O. Box 7005 London, Ontario N5Y 5R6 Phone: 519-452-4290 Fax: 519 659-9522 fanshawec.ca
Thank you, Students!