Scribd
Upload
23 views26 pages

Communication ch5

Uploaded by

Tesfaye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views26 pages

Communication ch5

Uploaded by

Tesfaye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

FEDERAL TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL INSTITUTE

Faculty of Electrical-Electronics and ICT

Department of Electrical-Electronics Technology

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM II
ECTe 3032
Chapter: 5
Multiplexing and De-multiplexing
Techniques
Multiplexing and de-multiplexing
• Multiplexing is the process of transmission of
information from more than one source into a single
signal over a shared medium.
• We can be able to multiplex analog or digital signal. If
analog signals are multiplexed, then this type of
multiplexer
is called analog multiplexer.
Multiplexing and de-multiplexing
• If digital signals are multiplexed, then this type of
multiplexer is called digital multiplexer.
• The advantage of multiplexing is that we
can transmit a large number of signals to a single
medium.
• This channel can be a physical medium like a
coaxial, metallic conductor or a wireless link and
will have to handle multiple signals at a time.
• Thus the cost of transmission can be reduced.
• In general multiplexing is a technique in which several
message signals are combined into a composite
signal so that these can be transmitted over a
common channel.
• In order to transmit various signals over the same
channel, it is essential to keep the signals apart to
avoid the interference between them, and then it can
be easily separated at the receiving end.
• Multiplexing is done using a device called
Multiplexer (MUX) that combine n input lines
to generate one output line i.e. (many to one).
• At the receiving end a device called
DE multiplexer (DEMUX) is used that separate
signal into its component signals i.e. one input
and several outputs (one to many).
Types multiplexing
Frequency division multiplexing
• It is an analog technique.
• Signals of different frequencies are combined
into a composite signal and is transmitted on
the single link.
• Bandwidth of a link should be greater than the
combined bandwidths of the various channels.
• Each signal is having different frequency.
• Channels are separated by the strips of unused
bandwidth called Guard Bands (to prevent
overlapping).
Applications of FDM

• FDM is used for FM & AM radio broadcasting.


• AM frequency = 530 to 1700 kHz.
• FM frequency = 88 to 108 MHz.
• FDM is used in television broadcasting.
• First generation cellular telephone also uses FDM.
Wave Division Multiplexing

• WDM is an analog multiplexing technique.


• Working is same as FDM.
• In WDM different signals are optical or light
signals that are transmitted through optical
fiber.
• Various light waves from different sources
are combined to form a composite light
signal that is transmitted across the channel
to the receiver.
• At the receiver side, this composite light signal is
broken into different light waves by De
multiplexer.
• This Combining and the Splitting of light waves
is done by using a PRISM.
• Prism bends beam of light based on the
angle of incidence and the frequency of light
wave.
Time Division Multiplexing

• It is the digital multiplexing technique.


• Channel/Link is not divided on the basis of
frequency but on the basis of time.
• Total time available in the channel is divided
between several users.
• Each user is allotted a particular time interval
called time slot or slice.
• In TDM the data rate capacity of the
transmission medium should be greater than
the data rate required by sending of receiving
devices.
Types of TDM
 Synchronous TDM
 Asynchronous TDM

• Synchronous TDM

• Each device is given same Time Slot to transmit the data over
the link, whether the device has any data to transmit or not.
• Each device places its data onto the link when its Time Slot
arrives, each device is given the possession of line turn by
turn.
• Multiplexing Process in STDM

• In STDM every device is given opportunity to


transmit a specific amount of data onto the link.
• Each device gets its turn in fixed order and for
fixed amount of time = INTERLEAVING.
• Interleaving is done by a character (one byte).

• Each frame consist of four slots as there are four


input devices.

• Slots of some devices go empty if they do not have


any data to send.
Asynchronous TDM
• Also known as Statistical Time Division
multiplexing.
• In this time slots are not Fixed i.e. slots are Flexible.
• Total speed of the input lines can be greater
than the capacity of the path.
• In ASTDM we have n input lines and m slots i.e.
m less than n (m<n).
• Slots are not predefined rather slots are
allocated to any of the device that has data to
send.
Code division multiplexing

• The code division multiplexing simply allots a unique


code to each channel so that each channel can utilize
a similar spectrum at the same time.
• CDM uses spread spectrum communication in which a
narrowband signal is transmitted over a larger
frequency band or across various channels through
division.
• It does not restrict bandwidth frequencies or
digital signals, so is less vulnerable to
interference, and so provides better data
communication capacity & more safe private
line.
• The CDM uses the spread spectrum technique in the
wireless communication domain because every
channel is coded so that its spectrum broadcasts over
a much wider area than in use by the original signal.
• The applications of code division
multiplexing include the following.
• CDM is widely used in so-called second-generation (2G)
and third-generation 3G wireless communications. The
technology is used in ultra-high-frequency (UHF) cellular
telephone systems in the 800-MHz and 1.9-GHz bands.
This is a combination of analog-to-digital conversion and
spread spectrum technology.
• CDM networking technique is used to combine several data
signals for simultaneous transmission above a common
frequency band.
• This multiplexing is extensively used in second-generation
& third-generation wireless communications.
• It is used in UHF (ultra-high-frequency) cellular telephone
systems within the 800-MHz & 1.9-GHz bands. So this is a
combination of both analog-to-digital conversion & spread

You might also like