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CH 4

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30 views14 pages

CH 4

Uploaded by

Tesfaye
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FEDERAL TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL INSTITUTE

Faculty of Electrical-Electronics and ICT

Department of Electrical-Electronics Technology

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM II

ECTe 3032

Chapter four
Digital modulation
Techniques
Digital Modulation
• The source information is normally represented as a
baseband (low-pass) signal
• Because of signal attenuation, it is necessary to
move the baseband signal spectrum to reside at a
much higher frequency band centered at fc , called
the carrier frequency, in the radio spectrum
• Digital modulation is the process of encoding a
digital information signal into the amplitude, phase,
or frequency of the transmitted signal..
• Digital Modulation provides more information
capacity, high data security, quicker system
availability with great quality communication.
• Hence, digital modulation techniques have a greater
demand, for their capacity to convey larger amounts
of data than analog modulation techniques.
• There are many types of digital modulation
techniques and also their combinations, depending
upon the need.
Amplitude Shift Keying
• ASK is a type of Amplitude Modulation
which represents the binary data in the form of
variations in the amplitude of a signal.
• Any modulated signal has a high frequency
carrier.
• The binary signal when ASK modulated, gives
a zero value for Low input while it gives
the carrier output for High input.
• The simplest digital modulation technique is
amplitude-shift keying (ASK), where a binary
information signal directly modulates the amplitude
of an analog carrier.
Frequency Shift Keying
• FSK is the digital modulation technique in which
the frequency of the carrier signal varies according
to the digital signal changes.
• FSK is a scheme of frequency modulation.
• The output of a FSK modulated wave is high in
frequency for a binary High input and is low in
frequency for a binary Low input.
• The binary 1s and 0s are called Mark and Space
frequencies.
• FSK is a form of constant-amplitude angle
modulation similar to standard frequency
modulation (FM) except the modulating signal is a
binary signal that varies between two discrete
voltage levels rather than a continuously changing
analog waveform.
• Consequently, FSK is sometimes called binary FSK
(BFSK).
Phase Shift Keying
• PSK is the digital modulation technique in which
the phase of the carrier signal is changed by varying
the sine and cosine inputs at a particular time.
• PSK technique is widely used for wireless LANs,
bio-metric, contactless operations, along with RFID
and Bluetooth communications.
• PSK is of two types, depending upon the phases the
signal gets shifted. They are −
• Binary Phase Shift Keying BPSK
• Quadrature Phase Shift Keying QPSK
Binary Phase Shift Keying BPSK

• This is also called as 2-phase PSK or Phase


Reversal Keying. In this technique, the sine
wave carrier takes two phase reversals such as
0° and 180°.
• BPSK is basically a Double Side Band
Suppressed Carrier DSBSC modulation
scheme, for message being the digital
information.
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying QPSK

• This is the phase shift keying technique, in


which the sine wave carrier takes four phase
reversals such as 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°.

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