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Intro To Stored Program Computers

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15 views10 pages

Intro To Stored Program Computers

Uploaded by

sahihai06154
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Intro to Stored

Program
Computers
This presentation explores the core concepts of computer
system organization, focusing on the fundamentals of the Von
Neumann architecture. We'll examine the memory hierarchy and
instruction set design principles that enable modern digital
computers.
By the end, you'll have a comprehensive understanding of the
architectural foundations that power the computers we rely on
today.
Block Diagram of a Computer System
CPU Memory Input/Output

The Central Processing Unit Computer memory, including I/O devices, such as keyboards,
(CPU) is the "brain" of the RAM and ROM, stores the mice, and displays, allow users
computer, responsible for program instructions and data to interact with the computer
executing instructions and needed for the CPU to operate. and transfer data in and out of
performing computations. the system.
Von Neumann Architecture
1 Fetch
The CPU fetches instructions from memory.

2 Decode
The CPU decodes the instructions to determine
what operations to perform.

3 Execute
The CPU executes the instructions, performing
calculations and manipulating data.
Memory Hierarchy
1 Registers 2 Cache
Fastest, but smallest Intermediate-speed
memory located inside memory that stores
the CPU. frequently accessed
data and instructions.

3 Main Memory (RAM) 4 Secondary Storage


(Disk)
Larger, but slower
memory used to store Largest, but slowest
the active program and memory used for long-
data. term storage of
programs and data.
Instruction Format
Opcode Operands
Specifies the operation to The data or memory
be performed, such as locations that the
add, subtract, or load. operation will be
performed on.

Addressing Modes
Determine how the operands are accessed, such as direct,
indirect, or immediate.
Addressing Modes
Direct Indirect Immediate

The operand The instruction The operand


value is stored specifies the value is included
directly in the memory address directly in the
instruction. where the instruction.
operand value is
stored.
Instruction Set Characteristics

Complexity
The number and types of instructions supported by the CPU.

Performance
The speed and efficiency with which the CPU can execute instructions.

Flexibility
The range of operations and data types that can be supported by the instruction set.
Applications and Examples
Embedded Systems
Microcontrollers and system-on-chip (SoC) devices
used in appliances, vehicles, and industrial
equipment.

General-Purpose Computing
Desktop and laptop computers, servers, and other
mainstream computing devices.

High-Performance Computing
Supercomputers, graphics processing units (GPUs),
and specialized processors for scientific and AI
applications.
Conclusion and Key
Takeaways
1 Stored Program 2 Computer
Concept Architecture
The fundamental idea The core components
of storing program of a computer system,
instructions in memory including the CPU,
for execution by the memory, and I/O
CPU. devices, and how they
interact.

3 Instruction Set Design


The format and characteristics of machine instructions
that define the capabilities of a CPU.
Thank You!
This presentation has provided an overview of the core concepts in stored program computers and instruction
set architecture. We hope you found it informative and insightful. Please feel free to reach out if you have any
further questions or would like to discuss this topic in more depth.

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