Basics of Computer Organization
Basics of Computer Organization
ORGANIZATION
• Main Components:
• Input Devices: Provide data to the
system (e.g., Keyboard, Mouse).
• Output Devices: Display or output the
processed data (e.g., Monitor, Printer).
• Central Processing Unit (CPU):
Executes instructions.
• Memory: Stores data temporarily or
permanently (e.g., RAM, ROM).
• Storage Devices: Long-term data
storage (e.g., Hard drives, SSDs).
Function: These devices allow users to provide
data and commands to the computer system.
• Examples:
• Keyboard: Inputs text and commands via
keys.
Input • Mouse: Allows for point-and-click
interaction with the graphical user
Devices: interface (GUI).
• Scanner: Converts physical documents
into digital formats.
• Microphone: Captures audio input.
• Touchscreen: Both an input and output
device.
Output Devices:
Definition: Devices that display, print, or otherwise output data processed by the
computer.
• Examples:
• Monitor: Displays visual output (UI, graphics, text).
• Printer: Produces hard copies of digital documents.
• Speakers: Outputs sound signals from digital sources.
• Projector: Displays large-scale visual output for presentations.
Central Processing Unit (CPU):
Main Components:
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Executes Control Unit (CU): Directs the operation Registers: Small, fast storage locations
all arithmetic and logical operations. of the processor, controls input/output in the CPU.
• Example: Addition, Subtraction, AND/OR operations. operations. • Store data, instructions, addresses temporarily
• Fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, during execution.
and manages execution.
Memory: