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Introduction To Data Science

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st9157428
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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Introduction to

Data Science
Data science is a multidisciplinary field that involves
extracting knowledge and insights from data. It leverages
computer science, statistics, and domain expertise to
solve real-world problems.

by Sai Tharun
Data Collection and Preprocessing
1 2 3

Data Sources Data Cleaning Data Transformation


Data can be collected from This step involves handling Data is often transformed to
various sources, including missing values, outliers, and a suitable format for
databases, APIs, social inconsistencies to ensure analysis, such as
media, and sensors. data quality. normalization or feature
scaling.
Exploratory Data Analysis
1 Data Summarization
Descriptive statistics and visualizations help understand data characteristics.

2 Pattern Detection
Exploring relationships between variables and identifying trends within data.

3 Hypothesis Testing
Formulating and testing hypotheses to draw conclusions from data.

4 Feature Engineering
Creating new features from existing data to improve model performance.
Machine Learning Algorithms
Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning Reinforcement Learning

Algorithms learn from labeled Algorithms discover patterns Algorithms learn through trial
data to predict future and structures in unlabeled and error, interacting with an
outcomes. data. environment.
• Regression • Clustering
• Classification • Dimensionality Reduction
Model Evaluation and
Optimization
Metric Description

Accuracy Proportion of correct


predictions.

Precision Proportion of true


positives among
predicted positives.
Recall Proportion of true
positives among actual
positives.
F1-Score Harmonic mean of
precision and recall.
Data Visualization and Storytelling

Data Exploration Communication Storytelling


Visualizations help Presenting insights and Narrating a compelling story
understand data patterns and findings in a clear and with data to influence
relationships. engaging way. decisions.
Ethical Considerations in Data
Science

Data Privacy
Protecting sensitive information and ensuring responsible data handling.

Fairness and Bias


Addressing biases in data and algorithms to ensure equitable outcomes.

Transparency and Explainability


Making models and decisions understandable and accountable.

Social Impact
Career Paths in Data Science
Data Analyst Data Scientist
Collects, cleans, and analyzes data to provide Develops and implements machine learning
insights for decision-making. models to solve complex problems.

Machine Learning Engineer Data Architect


Builds and deploys machine learning models Designs and implements data infrastructure
into production systems. and architectures for large-scale data
management.

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