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Lecture 8

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3 views

Lecture 8

Uploaded by

akech1326
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fig. 2.

6 y

n2 Cladding

m=1 m=2
m=0 Core
E(y) 2a
n1

n2 Cladding

Th e electric field p attern s o f th e first th ree mo d es (m = 0 , 1 , 2 )


trav elin g w av e alo n g th e g u id e. N o tice d ifferen t ex ten ts o f field
p en etratio n in to th e clad d in g .
© 1 9 9 9 S.O. Kasap ,Op to electro n ics (Pren tice Hall)
Fig. 2.8

(a) TE mode (b) TM mode

B// By   E// Ey  
y
Bz Ez
E B

O z
x (into paper)

Po ssib le mo d es can b e classified in terms o f (a) tran selectric field (TE)


an d (b ) tran smag n etic field (TM). Plan e o f in cid en ce is th e p ap er.
© 1 9 9 9 S.O. Kasap ,Op to electro n ics (Pren tice Hall)
Fig. 2.10

Slope = c/n 2
Slope = c/n 1
TE2

TE1

cut-off
TE0

m

Schematic dis pers ion diagram,  vs .  for the s lab waveguide for various TE
m. modes .
cu t – o ffcorres ponds toV = /2. The group velocityvg at any  is the s lope of the vs .
curve at that frequency.

© 1 9 9 9 S.O. Kasap ,Op to electro n ics (Pren tice Hall)


Fig. 2.11 Mode Group Velocities from Dispersion
Diagram

Group velocity vs. frequency or wavelength behavior


is not obvious. For the first few modes, a higher
mode can travel faster than the fundamental.

The group velocity vg vs. w for a planar dielectric guide with a core thickness (2a)
= 20 mm, n1 = 1.455, n2 = 1.440. TE0, TE1 and TE4
Fig. 2.12a Group Velocity and Wavelength: Fundamental Mode

The electric field of TE0 mode extends more into the cladding as the
wavelength increases. As more of the field is carried by the cladding, the group
velocity increases.
Fig. 2.12b

y y

Cladding

Core r z Fiber axis

n
n2 n1

The s tep index optical fiber. The central region, the core, has greater refractive
index than the outer region, the cladding. The fiber has cylindrical s ymmetry. We
us e the coordinates r, , z to repres ent any point in the fiber. Cladding is
normally much thicker than s hown.

© 1 9 9 9 S.O. Kasap ,Op to electro n ics (Pren tice Hall)


Fig. 2.14

(a) The electric field (b) The intens ity in (c) The intens ity (d) The intens ity
of the fundamental the fundamental in LP 11 in LP 2 1
mode mode LP0 1

Co re

E
Clad d in g

E0 1
The electric field dis tribution of the fundamental mode
in the trans vers e plane to the fiber axis z. The light
intens ity is greates t at the center of the fiber. Intens ity
r patterns in LP0 1, LP 11 and LP2 1 modes .

© 1 9 9 9 S.O. Kasap ,Op to electro n ics (Pren tice Hall)

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