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Lecturer3-Descriptive Analysis

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Lecturer3-Descriptive Analysis

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Descriptive Analysis

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 1

Descriptive Analysis
Descriptive analysis (DA): This are sets of basics statistics that are used to
describe a data set. DA summaries the preliminary features of the data sets to
provide an overview before a detailed analysis will be carried out. DA makes use
of the measure of central tendency and variability.

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 2

Descriptive Analysis and Exploratory data analysis
Exploratory data analysis (EDA) are usually carried out during the first
stage of data analysis processes. EDA uses different techniques to have a
general overview of the dataset.
To carry out EDA. You may use the following techniques among others
1. Descriptive Analysis (DA)
2. Graph/visualizations
3. others

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 3

Descriptive Analysis and Exploratory data analysis

DA is used for EDA which is to investigate data sets and summarize their
main characteristic. Therefore, DA and EDA has lots in common if not
practically the same.
During EDA, visualizations are also applied.

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 4

Population and Sample: Population and Sample:

In working with data, it is

practical impossible to work
with the whole population.
Therefore, a part of the
population which is a true
representation of the whole
population called sample are
used. There are different
sampling techniques eg
Random, stratified etc. but
that is out of the scope of
this module for now.
Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 5
Measure of Central Tendency

Mean.
Median.
Mode.

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 6

Arithmetic Mean Population and Sample mean
(Average )

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 7

Arithmetic
mean of
group data

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 8

Other types of mean
i. Geometric mean
ii. Harmonic mean

All the three mean are all members of Pythagorean means and are
used in different context and applications.

[You may investigate them, but are not within the scope of our module]

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 9

Other types of mean
i. Geometric mean
The geometric mean is defined as the nth root of
the product of n numbers.
What is the Geometric mean of

(a) 2 and 8.If you multiply 2 and 8 =

(b) three numbers 4, 1, and 1/32 =

The geometric mean applies only

to positive numbers

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 10

Other types of mean
Harmonic mean- the harmonic mean is one of several kinds
of average. Is given by

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 11

Other types of mean

Find the harmonic mean of 1, 4, and 4 is

Though in the module we will only use the Arithmetic mean.

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 12

Median
The number at the Centre

Look up how to
estimate or find
the median of
group data.

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 13

Mode

Number with the highest Frequency

Or the values that appear the most. You may have
more than one mode
2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 8.

Mode is 2 and 5

Dr Solomon EBENUWA Greenwich 2021 14

Mean median mode in a graph

These graphs are major topics in the coming weeks. Just know the position of
the mean median and mode at different distributions.