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5 views29 pages

1 Isc2011 1

Uploaded by

abdulwahabgiwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEVELOPMENT OF A NONLINEAR ARX

MODEL FOR A REACTIVE PACKED


DISTILLATION COLUMN
Being A Paper Presentation at the
7th International Statistics Congress

By

Abdulwahab GIWA, İsmail BAYRAM, Süleyman KARACAN

Department of Chemical Engineering,


Faculty of Engineering, Ankara
University, Ankara, Turkey
April, 2011
CONTENTS
Concepts of Reactive

Distillation
Data Acquisition

Modeling

Results and Discussions

Conclusions
CONCEPTS OF REACTIVE
DISTILLATION
Top Products

Inputs
Outputs Feed

Bottom Products
Figure 1. Some Chemical Engineering Processing Units
Top Products

Feed

Bottom Products

Figure 2. Reactive Distillation Column


Top Products

Feed 1

Feed 2

Bottom Products

Figure 3. Reactive Packed Distillation Column


Why Reactive Distillation?

Reduction of energy consumption;

Reduction of equipment units;

Increment in the yield of a reversible reaction;

Breaking of azeotropes;

Reduction of the costs of production.


Applications of Reactive Distillation
Acetylation

Alkylation

Amination

Dehydration

Esterification

Etherification

Hydrolysis

Transesterification
Esterification Reaction
k
 f
RCOOH  R OH  RCOOR  H 2O
' '

k
b

Equilibrium reaction;

Highly reversible;

Slow in the absence of a catalyst.


Ethyl Acetate Production
k
 f
CH 3COOH  C2 H 5OH  CH 3COOC2 H 5  H 2O
k
b

Table 1. Properties of the components

Property Acetic Acid Ethanol Ethyl Acetate Water

Molecular Formula CH3COOH C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 H2O

Molecular Weight (kg/kgmol) 60.05 46.07 88.11 18.02

Boiling Point (K) 117.95 78.25 77.15 100.00

Density (kg/m3) 1051.50 795.98 904.86 997.99


Source: Aspen HYSYS 3.2
Brief Description of Ethyl Acetate

Colorless liquid with a fruity odor;

Slightly soluble in water;

Soluble in most organic solvents, such as

alcohol, acetone, ether and chloroform.


Uses of Ethyl Acetate
Pharmaceuticals;

Surface coating and thinners;

Flavors and essences;

Flexible packaging;

Adhesives;
Uses of Ethyl Acetate Contd.
Cleaning fluids;

Inks;

Nail-polish removers;

Coated papers;

Explosives;

Artificial leather;

Photographic films & plates.


DATA ACQUISITION

Figure 4. Experimental Set-Up for Data Acquisition


Wh
AR y W
X M as N
to O o on
ur d elin line
D is Rea g A ar
t illa ctiv ppl
tion e P ied
Co acke
lu m d
n?
“A good model is the simplest model that best

describes the dynamics and successfully

simulates or predicts the output for different

inputs.”
Lennart Ljung (2010)
MODELING
Model Structure
 T t  1, T t  2 , , T t  na , Rt  nk , , 
T t   f  
 Rt  nk  nb  1 

where f is a function that depends on a finite number of previous

inputs R and outputs T;

na is the number of past outputs;

nb is the number of past input;

nk is the delay used to predict the current output.


Model Estimation
Estimator
R Wavelet
Regressors Network T
Linear
Function

Figure 5. Structural Block Diagram of a Nonlinear ARX Model


Model Order Selection
 d logN 
MDL V  1  
 N 
MDL is Optimization of Rissanen’s Minimum

Description Length (MDL) Criterion

V is the loss function;

d is the total number of parameters in the structure;

N is the number of data points used for the estimation


Parameter Estimation

Objective Function

min et  min T t   T t 


e p
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Experimental Results

Figure 6. Experimental input-output data (Top – Estimation, Middle –


Validation, Down – Step input)
Estimated Model Orders

n 2
a

n 1
b

n 1
k
Optimization of Wavelet Unit Number

Figure 7. Performances of different units of wavelet network


Measured and Predicted Results

Figure 8. Comparison between measured and predicted results


CONCLUSIONS
The good comparisons between the experimental and

optimized NARX model results has shown that the model can

be used to estimate the behavior of a reactive distillation.

However, due to the partially low value of the fit, it is

suggested that another type of model (for example, a neural

network model) should be tried to model the process.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to acknowledge the support received
from The Scientific and Technological
Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) for
my PhD Programme. In addition, this research
was supported by Ankara University Scientific
Research Projects.
APPRECIATION

My sincere appreciation goes to my supervisor,

Prof. Dr. Süleyman KARACAN, for his

guidance and suggestions towards the successful

completion of this work.


References
Klöker M., Kenig E.Y., Górak A., Markusse A.P.,
Kwant G. and Moritz P. (2004), Investigation of
Different Column Configurations for the Ethyl
Acetate Synthesis via Reactive Distillation, Chemical
Engineering and Processing, 43, 791–801.

Ljung L. (1999), System identification: Theory for


the User, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey.

MathWorks. (2010), System Identification Toolbox 7,


The MathWorks, Inc., Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA.
References Contd.
Oussar Y. and Dreyfus G. (2001), Initialization by
Selection for Wavelet Network Training,
Neurocomputing, 34, 131-143.

Sneesby M.G., Tade M.O. Datta R. and Smith T.N.


(1997), ETBE Synthesis via Reactive Distillation. 2.
Dynamic Simulation and Control Aspects, Industrial
& Engineering Chemistry Research, 36, 1870-1881.
THANK YOU
VERY MUCH
FOR
LISTENING

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