MEDIA Languages

Codes,
Conventions
and Languages
of Media
Media and Information has been part
of our daily lives. Everywhere we go, we can
see media and information all around us. It
has played a great role and continue
progressing as time passes by. In line with
this, in each country, society, or group of
people we belong to, there is a corresponding
language that is used, and that language is
sometimes only understood by that certain
group of people. This goes the same with
media and information.
You will learn to present an issue in
varied ways to disseminate information
using the codes, conventions and language
used of media. By learning about this, you
will be able to differentiate these forms
from other systems of signs and be able to
use it appropriately whenever it is needed
to deliver the right information to the target
audience.
Media and Information is vastly
changing as technology evolves fast.
Despite these uncontrollable change,
we should put in mind that whatever
changes we are experiencing in the field
of media and information,
understanding its contents would
provide all of us efficient ways in
choosing and implementing information.
Familiarizing ourselves with the
different languages, codes and
conventions of media and
information will most likely help
us disseminate proper information
needed by our target audiences.
Media
Languages,
Codes, and
Conventions
Let us define first the following
major terms:
1. LANGUAGE
Pertains to the technical and
symbolic ingredients or codes and
conventions that media and
information professional may select
and use in an effort to communicate
ideas, information and knowledge.
2. MEDIA LANGUAGES
- are codes,
conventions, formats,
symbols and narrative
structures that indicate the
meaning of media messages
CODES
- are
systems of signs that
when put together create
meaning.
- Semiotics – study of signs

TYPES OF CODES
 SYMBOLIC CODES
 WRITTEN CODES
 TECHNICAL CODES
SYMBOLIC CODES
-include the language, dress or

actions of characters, or iconic symbols
that are easily understood. For
example, a red rose may be used
symbolically to convey romance, or a
clenched fist may be used to
communicate anger.
Form 4 groups
On a 1 whole sheet of paper, Think of a
company name and illustrate or draw its
OWN symbol/sign/icon, make sure that it
is not copied nor plagiarized from the
Internet or other sources.
You must also include an explanation of
the symbol/logo used as well as its
function, purpose or meaning.
WRITTEN CODES
-this include the

headlines, captions,
speech bubbles, language
style, etc.
Headline
- the short lines of
emphasized text that introduce
detail information in the body
text that follows
TECHNICAL CODES
- are ways in which equipment is
used to tell the story
- include sound, camera angles,
types of shots and lighting. They may
include, for example, ominous music to
communicate danger in a feature film, or
high- angle camera shots to create feeling
of power in a photograph
Camera shots
- the distance
between the camera
and the subject
CAMERA SHOTS
Extreme Long shot
Long Shot
Medium Long shot
Full Shot
Medium Close Shot
Close-up shot
Extreme Close-up shot
Extreme Long Shot
Also called extreme wide

shots such as a large crowd
scene or a view of scenery as
far as the horizon.
LONG SHOT
- A view of a situation
or setting from a
distance
MEDIUM LONG SHOT
show a
group of people in
interaction with
each other,
example: fight
scene with part of
their surroundings
in the picture.
FULL SHOT
- A view of a
figure’s entire body
in order to show
action and/or a
constellation group
of characters.
MEDIUM CLOSE SHOT
- Shows a
subject down
to his/her
chest/waist
CLOSE UP SHOT
- A full screen
shot of a
subject’s face
showing the
finest nuances of
expression.
EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT
- A shot of a
hand, eye,
mouth, or
any object in
detail
Point of View:
1.Establishing Shot
2.Point-of-View Shot
3.Over-the-Shoulder Shot
4.Reaction Shot
5.Insert Shot
6.Reverse-Angel Shot
7.Hand-Held Camera shot
POINT OF VIEW
1. Establishing a shot –
often used at the
beginning of a scene
to indicate the location
or setting, it is usually
a long shot taken from
a neutral position.
Point-of-View Shot
- Shows a
scene from the
perspective of
a character or
one person.
Over-the-Shoulder Shot
-often used in
dialogue scenes, a
frontal view of a
dialogue partner from
the perspective of
someone standing
behind and slightly to
the side of the other
partner, so that parts
Reaction Shot
- Short shot of
a character’s
response to an
action.
Insert Shot
- A detail shot which
quickly gives visual
information
necessary to
understand the
meaning of a scene.
Reverse Angle
Shot
-A shot
from the
opposite
perspective
Hand-held Camera Shot
- The camera is
not mounted on a
tripod and instead
is held by the
cameraperson,
resulting in less
Camera angles
- the angle, high,
straight, or low that a
shot is taken
CAMERA ANGLES
1. Aerial Shot
2. High-Angle Shot
3. Low-Angle Shot
4. Eye-Level Shot
CAMERA ANGLES
Aerial Shot
High-Angle
Shot
- Shows people
or objects from
above higher
than eye level.
Low- Angle Shot
-Below Shot
- Shows people
or objects from
below, lower
than eye level.
Eye-Level Shot
- Straight-on-
Angle
- Views a subject
from the level of
a person’s eye
Camera movement- the
movement of the camera
position from left to right,
forward or backward, up or
down, stationary left or
right, and zoom in or out
CAMERA MOVEMENTS:
- Pan Shot
- Tilt Shot
- Tracking Shot
- Zoom
Pan Shot
- The camera
pans (moves
horizontally)
from left to right
or vice versa
across the
picture
Tilt Shot
-The camera tilts
up (moves
upwards) or tilts
down (move
downwards)
around a vertical
line.
Tracking Shot
-the camera
follows along
next to or
behind a
moving object
or person.
Zoom
-the stationary
camera approaches
a subject by
“zooming in” or
moves farther away
by “zooming out.”
Conventions
- in the media context,
refers to a standard or norm
that acts as a rule governing
behavior.
Messages
- the information sent
from a source to a receiver
Audience
- the group of
consumers for whom a media
message was constructed as
well as anyone else who is
exposed to the message.
Producers
- people engaged in
the process of creating and
putting together media
content to make a finished
media product.
Caption- a phrase, a sentence, or
short paragraph describing the
contents of an illustration such as
photos or charts. Photo captions
are usually placed directly above,
below or to the side of the
pictures they describe.
Fad- a custom, style, etc.,
that many people are
interested in for a short
time; passing craze
Genre- kind or type
Gender- identify the sex
group (masculine or
feminine) to which an
individual biologically
belongs
Jingle- verse or song that
repeats sounds or has a
catchy rhythm
Jolt- a new jolt occurs each
time a camera shot changes
Media text- any form of
reproduced communication,
from a book, film, or CD, to
an ad, a toy, or a T-shirt
Marketing- the process of
promoting and selling a
product or service based on
decisions about what the
product image should be and
who is most likely to buy it
Psychographics- an analysis
of people’s attitudes, beliefs,
desires, and needs.
Tag line- a phrase that
follows the brand name and
it is often at the end of
commercial or the bottom of
an ad
Example of Tagline or
slogan Jollibee
“Bida ang Saya”

Example of Tagline or
slogan KFC
‘It’s Finger Lickin’ Good’

Target audience- specific
groups of people that media
producers or advertisers
want to reach
Text- anything that is read,
listened to, or viewed; trend
to have a general tendency;
said of events, conditions,
opinions, etc.
Visual- photo or graphic
News – are stories that have critical
importance to community and national life.
Advertisements – are messages that are
created to sell a product or a service.
Entertainment – derives from the French word
entretenir which means “to hold the attention,
keep busy or amused.”
Information – is anything that provides us data
about the world.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING…

MEDIA Languages

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MEDIA Languages

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Codes,

- Semiotics – study of signs

-include the language, dress or

-this include the

Also called extreme wide

“Bida ang Saya”

‘It’s Finger Lickin’ Good’

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