T1 STUDENT Binary Systems
T1 STUDENT Binary Systems
Starter
• What is this symbol?
• What numbers is it
made from?
• How many states does
it control?
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
Understanding binary
• Computers understand only two states:
power on, or power off
• This is represented by
switches, and computers
are essentially calculators
made up of billions
of switches
• Power on = 1
• Power off = 0
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
Creating a circuit
• Computers comprise billions of switches to turn
current on and off
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
Circuits
• Use the keywords below to explain how this
electrical circuit works:
+
_
Kibibyte or kilobyte?
• 1 kilobyte is 1000 bytes
• 1 kibibyte is 1024 bytes
Units
• One suggestion
• Kites – kibi
• Make - mebi
• Great – gibi
• Toy – tebi
• Planes – pebi
for the
• Elderly - exbi
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
Starter:
A sense of scale – what’s the order? (smallest to largest) In the
chat number your order. DO NOT post your answer yet
1. A full page of text
2. Music CD capacity
5. DVD capacity
A sense of scale
File Size
One character of text 1 byte
A full page of text 30 KiB
One small digital colour photograph 3 MiB
Music CD capacity 650 MiB
DVD capacity 4.5 GiB
Hard disk capacity 1 TiB
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
Binary representation
• How many combinations or states can each of the
number of switches given produce?
Number of Switches (Bits) Possible combinations or states
1 2
2 4
3
4
5
6
7
8
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
1000 100 10 1
2 7 0 3
2x1000 + 7x100 + 0x10 + 3x1 = ???
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
1x128 + 1x16 + 1x4 + 1x2 =?
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
Representing values
• Consider the byte value 0011 1001
• This is represented in denary as 57
• As an electrical circuit this could be represented as:
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
Worksheet 1
• Complete Task 1 on Worksheet 1
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
Denary to binary
• How do you convert 28 to binary?
• Method
• Working right to left, write out the numbers 1, 2, 4, 8 and so
on, doubling each time to 128
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
• 128, 64 and 32 are all greater than 28, so put a zero for these
• Put a 1 in the 16 column, 28 – 16 = 12
• Put a 1 in the 8 column, 12 – 8 = 4
• Put a 1 in the 4 column, 4 – 4 = 0 so put zero in other
columns
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
28 – 1 = 255
• What is the largest number that can be held in 16 bits?
• What is the largest number that can be held in 32 bits?
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
Worksheet 1
• Complete Task 2 on Worksheet 1
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
16-bit conversions
• 16-bit conversions work in just the same way as 8-bit
conversions
• The numbers of the columns double for each column to
the left:
32768 16384 8192 4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Worksheet 1
• Complete Task 3 and Task 4 on Worksheet 1
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
Plenary
• In pairs:
• Which numbers are stored in one bit?
• How many bits are there in a nibble and a byte?
• What are the units after a kibibyte?
• What is zero in binary?
• What is 255 in binary?
• What is 39 in binary?
Binary systems
Unit 1 Data representation
Copyright
This unit and all the worksheets, PowerPoint presentations, teaching guides and other associated files
distributed with it are supplied to you by PG Online Limited under licence and may be used and copied by you
only in accordance with the terms of the licence. Except as expressly permitted by the licence, no part of the
materials distributed with this unit may be used, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, electronic or otherwise, without the prior written permission of PG Online Limited.
Licence agreement
This is a legal agreement between you, the end user, and PG Online Limited. This unit and all the worksheets,
PowerPoint presentations, teaching guides and other associated files distributed with it is licensed, not sold, to
you by PG Online Limited for use under the terms of the licence.
The materials distributed with this unit may be freely copied and used by members of a single institution on a
single site only. You are not permitted to share in any way any of the materials or part of the materials with any
third party, including users on another site or individuals who are members of a separate institution. You
acknowledge that the materials must remain with you, the licencing institution, and no part of the materials may
be transferred to another institution. You also agree not to procure, authorise, encourage, facilitate or enable any
third party to reproduce these materials in whole or in part without the prior permission of PG Online Limited.