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14 views13 pages

OOP Lec1

Uploaded by

ibnzafar0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Object Oriented Programming (CS-409)

Course instructor: Mahnoor Hashmi


Qualification: MS from NUST
Specialization: Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence
Topics Covered

 Objects
 Object Oriented Design
 History of OOD
Object

• Object Oriented Programming is a programming pattern where the programs are


structured around objects rather than functions and logic
• In object-oriented programming (OOP), objects are the basic units of code that
have attributes and functions to carry out computations
• Objects are the building blocks of OOP applications
• An object is an instance of a class that contains data and functionality
Object

• An Object can be defined as an entity that has a state and behavior


• In other words, anything that exists physically in the world is called an object
• It can represent a dog, a person, a table, etc.
• An object means a combination of data and programs, which further represent an
entity
• Objects have properties, or data, that describe them. For example, a person's
name is a property of that person
Object

• Objects are created using classes, which define their structure


• Objects can interact with each other through defined interfaces. For
example, a person can get into a car and drive it
• Objects enable modular and organized code structure, and facilitate code
reusability and maintainability
Object
Object Oriented Design

• Object Oriented Design (OOD) is an approach for software design


• The process of planning a system of interacting objects for the purpose of solving a
software problem.
• Object Oriented Design (OOD) serves as part of the object oriented programming
(OOP) process
• Enables the implementation of a software based on the concepts of objects
• Associates the programmers to plan out their code in order to have a better flowing
program
Object Oriented Design
• It is the discipline of defining the identified and documented objects and their
interactions thus, solving the problems and meeting the user requirements.
• Object Oriented Design (OOD) is a method, depicting both logical and physical
models of the system under design.
• OOD put a great emphasis on the modularity, reusability, flexibility, and
scalability of system
• By encapsulating data and behavior into objects, OOD make software easier to
understand and maintain
History of OOD

• The origins of Object Oriented Design (OOD) are still debated


• Simula and SmallTalk, supported this framework
• Introduced by Grady Booch in the paper titled “Object-Oriented Design”, in
1982
• define the classes and their relationships, which are needed to build a system
that meets the requirements
Advantages of OOD

The benefits of this approach are numerous. Provided here some of the advantages of
using Object Oriented Design (OOD)
• Modularity
Programs can be divided into independent modules that can be developed, tested, and debugged
separately.

• Reusability
Classes and objects can be reused across different programs, which can improve efficiency and reduce
redundancy.
Advantages of OOD
• Maintainability
OOD's modularity and clear structure make it easier to maintain and modify existing code without
affecting other parts of the system.

• Flexibility and scalability


OOD supports system expansion by allowing new objects to be easily integrated without disrupting
existing functionality.

• Real-world modeling
OOD provides a way to model real-world entities and relationships, which can make the design
more intuitive.
Advantages of OOD

Some other advantages of using this approach include:


• Easier to maintain objects
• Objects may be understood as stand-alone entities
• Objects are appropriate reusable components

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