Dcom Ia2

Digital Communication
Internal Assessment - II
Topic: Differential Phase Shift Keying
(DPSK)
1. Aditya Shetty(16010322058)
2. Harshvardhan Chogale(16010322076)
3. Raj Gorav (16010322078)
What is DPSK?
• Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) is a digital modulation technique in which the
information is encoded by the difference in the phase of successive signals, rather than the
absolute phase.
• In DPSK, each bit is transmitted by shifting the phase of the carrier signal relative to the
previous signal, which eliminates the need for a coherent reference at the receiver.
• This makes DPSK less sensitive to phase noise and simplifies the design of the receiver.
• The following figure represents the model waveform of DPSK.
Modulation in DPSK
• DPSK is a technique of BPSK, in which there is no reference phase signal. Here, the transmitted
signal itself can be used as a reference signal. Following is the diagram of DPSK Modulator.
• DPSK encodes two distinct signals, i.e., the carrier and the modulating signal with 180° phase shift
each.
• The serial data input is given to the XNOR gate and the output is again fed back to the other input
through 1-bit delay.
• The output of the XNOR gate along with the carrier signal is given to the balance modulator, to
produce the DPSK modulated signal.
Demodulation in DPSK
• In DPSK demodulator, the phase of the reversed bit is compared with the phase of
the previous bit. Following is the block diagram of DPSK demodulator.
• From the above figure, it is evident that the balance modulator is given the DPSK
signal along with 1-bit delay input.
• That signal is made to confine to lower frequencies with the help of LPF. Then it is
passed to a shaper circuit, which is a comparator or a Schmitt trigger circuit, to
recover the original binary data as the output.
The DPSK demodulator decodes data by comparing phase changes between symbols, offering simplicity and robustness but w
higher error risk in noisy environments.
Application of DPSK in Underwater
Optical Communication
Simulation of DPSK UWOC system

Overview of Underwater Optical Communication
• Principle: Underwater optical communication uses laser light or LED light sources to transmit information through
the water. This is in contrast to radio frequency (RF) communication, which is less effective in underwater
environments due to rapid attenuation and scattering of signals..
• DPSK plays a key role in underwater optical communication by providing:
• Robustness: It handles phase distortions caused by underwater conditions effectively.
• Simplicity: Eliminates the need for a coherent reference signal, simplifying receiver design for compact devices like
underwater drones.
• Tolerance to Jitter: Maintains effective communication despite timing variations from water movement.
• Efficient Bandwidth Use: Maximizes data transmission rates within limited optical bandwidth.
• Adaptability: Can adjust to changing underwater conditions in real-time.
Overall, DPSK enhances the reliability and efficiency of underwater optical communication, making it suitable for
applications like marine exploration.
Generation of DPSK Signal
Advantages Disadvantages
Simpler Receiver Design: No need for a coherent carrier reference, making the receiver Higher Bit Error Rate (BER): More prone to errors compared to coherent PSK, as detection
design simpler and more cost-effective. errors can propagate between symbols.
Robustness to Phase Noise: Tolerant of phase noise and drift since it uses phase Reduced Signal Power: DPSK signals often have slightly lower power, making them less
differences, making it suitable for long-distance communication like fiber optics. energy-efficient in some cases.
Better Performance in Noisy Environments: More resilient to interference and phase Limited Application in Very High-Noise Environments: Struggles with extremely high noise
shifts, making it useful in wireless and satellite communication. levels, where the lack of a precise phase reference can lead to misinterpretations.
No Need for Synchronization: Easier to use in systems without a stable phase reference, Propagation of Errors: An error in one symbol can affect the interpretation of following
like underwater or satellite communication. symbols, leading to potential burst errors.
Spectral Efficiency: Allows higher bit rates with a narrow bandwidth, making it suitable for Less Suitable for Extremely High Data Rates: May not perform as well as advanced schemes
applications like DWDM in optical communication. like QAM in extremely high data rate applications.
Applications of DPSK
• DPSK is widely used in fiber-optic communication systems, especially for high-speed
data transmission over long distances. The reason for its popularity in these systems is
that it provides better spectral efficiency compared to other modulation schemes like
On-Off Keying (OOK).
• Satellite Communication: DPSK is used in satellite communication systems, where
phase coherence between the transmitter and receiver can be hard to maintain due to
Doppler shifts and movement of the satellite.
• Radio and Microwave Links: In radio communication, DPSK is used in applications
where bandwidth efficiency is important, such as in microwave and mobile
communication links.
• Radar Systems: DPSK is used in some radar systems for phase coding of transmitted
pulses. This helps in improving the accuracy of the radar's range measurements and
makes it harder for adversaries to detect or jam the signal.
• Telecommunications: DPSK is employed in telecommunication networks for data
transmission over various media, such as copper cables, fiber optics, and even radio
waves.
Conclusion
A. Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) is a modulation technique in digital communication that is known for
its simplicity, robustness, and practical advantages. It relies on relative phase changes between consecutive
symbols, simplifying receiver design and reducing complexity and cost.
B. DPSK is widely used in optical communication systems, wireless links, and satellite communications due to its
tolerance to phase noise, resilience to phase shifts, and ability to handle phase variations. It is also used in
Bluetooth and low-power communication standards, and in military and secure communications due to its
resistance to interference and covert operation. Despite its trade-offs, DPSK remains a widely adopted
modulation scheme in real-world systems.

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Digital Communication

Simulation of DPSK UWOC system

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