THEORETICAL

FOUNDATION
Teaching Values Education in the Elementary
Grades
BEED 2B

Reporters : Sharleen V. Bacay

Cherry May Cabataña
Christine Ann Samson
- The major priorities that man choose
to act on, and that creativity enhance
life and lives of those with whom he
associate with.
The meaning and nature of values

• Values are a person’s or society’s beliefs about

good behavior and what things are important.
• An example of values are the accepted of a
family about dating
6 TYPES OF VALUES

• INDIVIDUALISTIC VALUES
• FAMILY VALUES
• PROFESSIONAL VALUES
• NATIONAL VALUES
• MORAL VALUES
• SPIRITUAL VALUES
 Individualistic Values
- The most inherent value of a person is individualistic
which means valuing the self over anything else in the
world.
 Family Values
- Values held to be traditionally learned or reinforced within
the family, such as those high moral standards and
discipline.
PROFESSIONAL VALUES
- Business related belief or principle that guide professional
behaviour. Values may reflect ethics, practices, standard
and other norm within the commercial environment.
 NATIONAL VALUES
- are generally accepted about what is good desirable, and
useful, or what is undesirable and unacceptable in particular
state and society.
MORAL VALUES
- are relative values that protect life and are respectful of the
dual life value of self and others.
SPIRITUAL VALUES
- are the integrative values of human soul consisting of
altruistic, humanistic, personal, divine and affect values
leading to spiritual growth of personality.
THE PROCESS OF VALUING
- Louis Raths, et al. define value or the process
of valuing as having seven aspects and made it
clear that unless all the seven are present.
Values process criteria which can be divided into
three categories:

• CHOOSING
• PRIZING
• ACTING
• CHOOSING
I. To choose freely
II.To choose from alternative
III.To choose from alternative after considering the sequences
of such alternative.
• PRIZING
I. To cherish and be happy of the choice
II.To be willing to affirm the choice publicly
• ACTING
I. To do something about the choice.
II.To act repeatedly to affirm the choice publicly.

- The values must be chosen freely and person is

totally accountable for the choice he/ she made.
There are four large area of value:

• Value 1. Emotional closeness and Security in a family

• Value 2. The Authority Values
• Value 3. Economic and Social betterment
• Value 4. Patience, Suffering and Endurance
• Value 1. Emotional closeness and Security in a family
- The home always provide love, understanding, acceptance, a place where no matter
how far or how wrongly one has wandered, he/she can always return.

• Value 2. The Authority Values

- This may be define as “approval by the authority figure and by society.”

• Value 3. Economic and Social betterment

- The value refers to a desire to raise the standard of living of one’s life or of one’s
hometown.

• Value 4. Patience, Suffering and Endurance

- This values has been fused with the religious value since it seems that god is call upon
when other means fail.
Topic II: The phase theory of values
• One theory explaining the process of valuing is the phase theory.

There are four phases of consciousness in value development:

- Phase One: The world is perceived as mystery over the individual had
no control.
- Phase Two: The world is universal
- Phase Three: The world is perceived as “creation process”
- Phase Four: The consciousnesses of the self has expanded.
- Phase One: The world is perceived as mystery over the individual had no control.
It is hostile world in which the self merely exist. Self is at the centre and moral choice is
dedicated by what physical satisfies the individual.

• Stage 1. Satisfaction comes through survival in the environment on a day to day basis.
• Stage 2. The person has move from purely physical to emotional needs that are
physical related.
- Phase Two: The world is universal
It is viewed no longer as alien and hostile, but a place in which to belong and succeed.

• Stage 1. Values are marked by the need to belong.

• Stage 2. Personal values become institutionalized, reflecting the need to be competent
and successful in the world.
- Phase Three: The world is perceived as “creation process”
In which persons are invited to make contribution. Moral choices for the for the first time
are shaped out of the conscious, out of the personal decisions.

• Stage 1. It is highly independent and even self seeking. There is a radical departure from
the other directedness.
• Stage 2. There is heavy atmosphere of institutional duty and obligations.
- Phase Four: The consciousnesses of the self has expanded.
So that a person may think globally, even cosmically. Individual are always of a greater
whole.

• Stage 1. The individual’s perception of the world changes drastically.

• Stage 2. Changes are experienced. Choices and action are based on “WE” rather than “I”.
Values Skills and Development
a. Instrumental skills
 ability to perceive self and others accurately in ways that facilitate
communication, mutual understanding and cooperation.
b. Interpersonal skills

 ability to perceive self and others accurately in ways that facilitate

communication, mutual understanding and cooperation.

c. Imaginative skills
 Ability to imitate new ideas and to take data beyond quatification and logic to the
development of new concepts.
 Integrating instrumental and interpersonal.
d. System skills
 Ability to see the various parts of a system as they relate to the whole and to plan
for systematic change.
 Ability of the individual to plan and design change in the whole system to act as a
whole based on the capacity to see how parts relate to the entire unit.
Characteristics of Values

A. Max Scheler
1. They are pire, valuable essences or qualities.
2. They are objective and transcend the sentimental perception to which they
appeal.
3. They are hierarchically give, dependent and relative among themsevesand
with the perceiver.
4. They are always given in pairs.
Characteristics of Values

B. Tomas Andres
1. Value is relative
2. Value is subjective
3. Value is objective
4. Value is bipolar
5. Value is heirarchical
Classification of Values

A. Ancient Philosophers:
1. Useful or utilitarian good.
2. Pleasurable and detectable good.
3. Befitting or becoming good.
Classification of Values

B. According to Nature of Occurrence

1. Accidental- befits a man with respect to the accidents found in him.
2. Natural- befits a man with regard to permanent force found in him or
his nature.
Classification of Values

C. Three Main Levels as the Foundation for the Moral, Sociopolitical and
Religious Rights of Man
1. Physical or biological life- lowest level
2. Sentiency- middle level
3. Level of Reason- highest level
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