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Chapter 3 - Matrices

Focus on matrices for discrete structure subjects

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josephine tagupa
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5 views

Chapter 3 - Matrices

Focus on matrices for discrete structure subjects

Uploaded by

josephine tagupa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATRICES

JOSEPHINE T. CRUZ
Objectives
At the end of this lesson you will
be able to:

1. Explain basic concept and special


matrices.
2. Solve mathematical equation
using matrices.
Basic Concept of
Matrix
MATRIX
 A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers.
 Matrices are useful in organizing and
manipulating large amounts of data.
 A matrix is a 2-dimensional array of
numbers arranged in rows and columns.
 The numbers in a matrix are called the
entries or the elements of a matrix.
 Size of the matrix is defined by number of
rows and columns in the matrix.
Basic Concept of
Matrix
MATRIX
 The dimension of a matrix is the number of
rows and columns it has.

 A matrix that has the same number of rows


as columns is called a squared matrix.
Special Matrices
 A matrix with all entries zero is called a
zero matrix.

 A square matrix with 1's along the main


diagonal and zeros everywhere else, is called
an identity matrix.

 A matrix with only one row is called a row


matrix or a row vector, and a matrix with
only one column is called a column matrix or
a column vector. Two matrices are equal if
they have the same size and the
corresponding entries are equal.
Importance of
Matrices
 Matrices have an abundance of applications
and use in the real world.
 Matrices provide a useful tool for working with
models based on systems of linear equations.
 Matrices are used in encryption and in
economic modelling.
 We use matrices in optimization problems such
as maximizing profit or revenue, or minimizing
cost.
 Matrices are used in business for scheduling,
routing transportation and shipments, and
managing inventory.
 They are important tools for organizing data
and solving problems in all fields of science,
from physics and chemistry, to biology and
genetics, to meteorology, and economics.
Importance of
Matrices
 In computer science, matrix mathematics lies
behind animation of images in movies and
video games.
 Computer science analyzes diagrams of
networks to understand how things are
connected to each other, such as relationships
between people on a social website, and
relationships between results in line search
and how people link from one website to
another.
 he mathematics to work with network
diagrams comprise the field of “graph theory”;
it relies on matrices to organize the
information in the graphs that diagram
connections and associations in a network.
For example, if you use Facebook or Linked-In, or other social media
sites, these sites use network graphs and matrices to organize your
Example
 Fine Furniture Company makes chairs and
tables at its San Jose, Hayward, and Oakland
factories. The total production, in hundreds,
from the three factories for the years 2014
and 2015 is listed in the table below.
2015
2014
CHAIRS TABLES CHAIRS TABLES
SAN JOSE 30 18 36 20
HAYWARD 20 12 24 18
OAKLAND 16 10 20 12

1. Represent the production for the years 2014 and 2015 as


the matrices A and B.
2. Find the difference in sales between the years 2014 and
2015.
3. The company predicts that in the year 2020 the production
at these factories will be double that of the year 2014. What
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
If two matrices have the same size, they can
be added or subtracted. The operations are
performed on corresponding entries..
Example:
Multiplication of
Matrix(ces)
SCALAR MULTIPLES
– If A is the matrix and c is the scalar (any
number) then cA (this is the same as c x A) is
the matrix that we get when we multiply each
entry of the matrix A with the scalar c.
Multiplication of
Matrix(ces)
MULTIPLYING MATRICES
– We can multiply only matrices where the first
matrix has the number of columns same as the
number of rows of the second matrix. And new
matrix AB will have same number of rows as
the first matrix, and same number of columns
as the second matrix.

Note: A x B = AB and B x A = BA, but when we


are multiplying matrices AB isn’t the same as
BA.
AB ≠ BA
Multiplication of
Matrix(ces)
Example: 3
A=[2 3 4] and B= 4
5
5 3
A=[2 3 4] and C= 6 4
7 5

5 3
D= 2 3 4 and C= 6 4
1 2 3 7 5
Multiplication of
Matrix(ces)
Example:

A=124 and 402


260 B= 113
527

A=124 and 4143


260 B= 0131
2752
Multiplication of
Matrix(ces)
Rules for multiplying matrices:
 (AB)C = A(BC)
 AB ≠ BA
 k(AB) = (kA)B = A(kB), k is scalar (number)
 OA = AO = O, O is zero matrix
 A(B ± C) = AB ± AC and (B ± C)A = BA ± CA
 IA = AI = A, I is Identity matrix
! Thank you
!

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