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    Matter Wave EM Wave

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    Matter Wave EM Wave

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    Matter Wave EM Wave

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    maneeshraj422007

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    MODULE - II

    QUANTUM PHYSICS

    Dr. C. R. Kesavulu, Associate Professor, Dept. of Physics

    1
    MODULE - II
    QUANTUM PHYSICS
    TOPICS IN QUANTUM PHYSICS

     Introduction to quantum physics

     Wave Particle Duality-de-Broglie’s hypothesis

     Davisson and Germer experiment,

     Time-independent Schrodinger equation for wave function,

     Physical significance of the wave function,

     Schrodinger equation for one dimensional problems–particle in a


    box.
    2
    Matter wave Properties
    The wavelength of matter is . So, wavelength is inversely proportional to
    velocity.
    A group of waves each wave having wavelength given above, is associated with the
    particle. This group as a whole must travel with the particle velocity v. Hence group
    velocity of matter waves= vgr = v.
    Each wave of the group of matter waves travel with a velocity known as phase
    velocity of the wave.
    Wavelength of electron: A0

    We have to remember that no single phenomena either matter or radiation exhibits


    both particle nature and wave nature simultaneously.
    Waves can be in a group and such groups are called wave packets so the velocity
    with which a wave packets travels is called group velocity
    The velocity with which the phase of a wave travels is called phase velocity
    3
    Difference between Matter wave and EM waves

    MATTER WAVE EM WAVE


    Matter wave is associated with Oscillating charged particle
    a particle. gives rise to electromagnetic
    wave.
    Wavelength depends on the Wavelength depends on the
    mass of the particle and its energy of the photon λ= hC/E
    velocity λ= h/mv
    Can travel with a velocity Travels with velocity of light.
    greater than the velocity of
    light.
    Matter wave is not Electric field and magnetic field
    electromagnetic wave. oscillate perpendicular to each
    other.
    Matter wave require medium Electromagnetic waves do not
    for propagation require medium i.e., they travel
    in vacuum also. 4
    Davisson - Germer’s Experiment
    Initial atomic models proposed by scientists could only explain the particle nature of
    electrons but failed to explain the properties related to their wave nature. C.J.
    Davisson and L.H. Germer, in the year 1927, carried out an experiment, popularly
    known as Davisson Germer’s experiment, to explain the wave nature of electrons
    through electron diffraction.

    Electron gun G
    Filament F.
    Target T (large single crystal
    of Ni)
    Detector D
    Faraday cylinder C
    Semi circular Scale S
    Galvanometer G

    5
    Davisson - Germer’s Experiment
    The electrons emitted from gun
    strikes, the target which is rotated
    about an axis along the direction
    of beam.
    The speed of the electrons can be
    measured by the voltage used for
    accelerating electrons.
    The scattered beam is detected
    by the chamber D and its intensity
    is measured in different
    directions.
    The plot of the electron beam
    intensity I versus the angle Φ
    between the incident and
    Davisson- Germer’s Experiment

    7
    Davisson-
    Davisson- Germer’s Experiment

    If θ is the correspondence angle of diffraction at the Bragg’s plane


    then θ and Φ are related as θ=
    So if θ is diffraction angle, n is order of maxima, then from Bragg’s
    law 2dsinθ=nλ.
    Davisson & Germer observed that maximum diffraction occurs at
    Φ=500 & d=0.91 A0.
    Now, Φ=500 => θ= =650.
    Therefore, λ=2dsinθ {for n=1}
    = > 2×0.91×sin 65
    = 1.65 A0.

    8
    Davisson- Germer’s Experiment
     So, the values of λ determined in these two ways are in
    agreement thus confirming the existence of matter waves.

     The drawback of this experiment is that whether the diffraction


    pattern formed is due to electrons or E.M radiation generated by fast
    moving electrons is not known.

    9
    10
    11

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