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    Universal Nor 1

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    naveenpakala1163

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Universal Nor 1

    Uploaded by

    naveenpakala1163
    2 views15 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2 views15 pages

    Universal Nor 1

    Uploaded by

    naveenpakala1163

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Universal Gate – NOR

    Digital Electronics
    Universal Gate – NOR
    This presentation will demonstrate…
    • The basic function of the NOR gate.
    • How an NOR gate can be using to replace an AND gate,
    an OR gate or an INVERTER gate.
    • How a logic circuit implemented with AOI logic gates
    could be re-implemented using only NOR gates
    • That using a single gate type, in this case NOR, will
    reduce the number of integrated circuits (IC) required to
    implement a logic circuit.
    AOI Logic NOR Logic

    2
    More ICs = More $$ Less ICs = Less $$
    NOR Gate

    X
    Z  X  Y X Y
    Y

    X Y Z
    0 0 1
    0 1 0
    1 0 0
    1 1 0

    3
    NOR Gate as an Inverter Gate
    X  X  X (Before Bubble)

    X Z X

    X Z
    0 1
    Equivalent to Inverter
    1 0

    4
    NOR Gate as an OR Gate
    XY
    X
    Z  X  Y X  Y
    Y

    NOR Gate “Inverter”

    X Y Z
    0 0 0
    0 1 1
    Equivalent to OR Gate
    1 0 1
    1 1 1
    5
    NOR Gate as an AND Gate
    X

    X Y
    Z  X  Y X Y  X Y
    Y

    “Inverters” NOR Gate

    X Y Z
    0 0 0
    0 1 0
    Equivalent to AND Gate
    1 0 0
    1 1 1
    6
    NOR Gate Equivalent of AOI Gates
    AND OR INVERTER

    7
    Process for NOR Implementation
    1. If starting from a logic expression, implement the design
    with AOI logic.
    2. In the AOI implementation, identify and replace every
    AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its NOR equivalent.
    3. Redraw the circuit.
    4. Identify and eliminate any double inversions. (i.e. back-
    to-back inverters)
    5. Redraw the final circuit.

    8
    NOR Implementation
    Example:
    Design a NOR Logic Circuit that is equivalent to the AOI circuit
    shown below.

    B C  A C

    9
    NOR Implementation
    Solution – Step 2

    Identify and replace every AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its
    NAND equivalent.

    10
    NOR Implementation
    Solution – Step 3

    Redraw Circuit.

    11
    NOR Implementation
    Solution – Step 4

    Identify and eliminate any double inversions.

    12
    NOR Implementation
    Solution – Step 5

    Redraw Circuit.

    13
    Proof of Equivalence

    B  C B C B C
    C

    B B C  A C
    C
    Z B C  A C
    BCA C
    A
    A  C A C A C 14
    AOI vs NOR

    IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs


    74LS04 1 6 1 74LS02 7 4 2
    74LS08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 2
    74LS32 1 4 1
    Total Number of ICs → 3

    15

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