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    Topic 4 Cultural Relativism

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    khen estribello

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    Topic 4 Cultural Relativism

    Uploaded by

    khen estribello
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    Topic 4 Cultural Relativism (1)

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    3 views15 pages

    Topic 4 Cultural Relativism

    Uploaded by

    khen estribello

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Explaining Culture

    Culture:
     Set of ideas, customs, and behavior that serve
    as basis for one’s behavior

    Culture can be divided into…


    Nonmaterial culture- examples: principles
    and ideas
    Material culture- examples: figurines,
    costumes

    Culture is shared…and people who interact in a


    defined territory and share a culture is
    Difference of Culture and Tradition
    Culture – the ways of thinking,
    the ways of acting, and the
    material objects that together
    form a people’s way of life

    Tradition- transmitted culture


    CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
     CULTURE is learned.

     CULTURE is shared.

     CULTURE grows and expands.

     CULTURE is dynamic.

     CULTURE is diverse.
    Elements of Culture –Material and Non-
    Material

     MaterialCulture- physical objects that


    contributed to the way of life of a
    group of people

     Non-MaterialCulture- non-physical;
    ideas and concepts shared by a group
    of people
    Non-Material Elements of Culture -
    Symbols

     Symbols – anything that carries a


    particular meaning recognized by
    people who share a culture.
    Non-Material Element of Culture -
    Language

     Language – a system of symbols that


    allows people to communicate

     Through language we can transmit


    culture. Wisdom over time is passed
    down through language.
    Non-Material Element of Culture:
    Norms
     Norms – rules and expectations by which a
    society guides the behavior of its members.
    Non-Material Element of Culture:
    Values and Beliefs
     Values – culturally defined standards that
    people use to decide what is desirable, good,
    and beautiful and that serve as broad
    guidelines for social living

     Beliefs – specific ideas that people hold to be


    true

    Values tend to be general, and beliefs tend to


    be specific. They are linked…your abstract
    values affect the specific things you believe
    about the world.
    CULTURAL CONCEPTS
     ETHNOCENTRISM
     The belief that one’s particular way of life is
    superior and right and that other cultures are
    inferior and defective.
     XENOCENTRISM
     The belief that what is foreign is best in terms of
    lifestyle, products, ideas, etc.
     XENOPHOBIA
     Fear or hatred towards strangers or foreigners or
    anything foreign
    CULTURAL CONCEPTS
     TEMPOROCENTRISM
     The belief that one’s own time is more important
    than that of the present and the future.

     CULTURAL RELATIVISM
     The notion that each culture should be evaluated
    according to its own merits and standards rather
    than from the standpoint of a different culture.
    LEVELS OF CULTURE
     UNIVERSAL CULTURE
     Culture common to all known societies
     INTERNATIONAL CULTURE
     Cross-cultural pattern among various societies
     NATIONAL CULTURE
     Culture commonly practiced among people in a
    certain country
     ELITE CULTURE  POPULAR CULTURE
     Culture commonly  Culture commonly
    practiced by the practiced by the
    wealthy people masses and
    common people
    Culture Acquisition
    WAYS OF ACQUIRING CULTURE
     Imitation- duplication of material and non-
    material culture

     Indoctrination- through formal teaching

     Conditioning- conditioning a person of certain


    beliefs, values, behaviors, and actions

     Acculturation- societies influence each other


    and affect each other

     Amalgamation- intermarriage of persons with


    different cultures
    CULTURAL RELATIVISM
    HOW ALL CULTURES HAVE SOME VALUES IN
    COMMON
    1. Care for the young
    2. Value of truth-telling
    3. Right to and preservation of life

    These principles are found in all


    societies because these principles are
    necessary for society to exist
    WHAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM CULTURAL
    RELATIVISM?
    1. Cultural Relativism warns us about the
    danger of assuming that all our
    preferences are based on some absolute
    moral standards. They are not. Many of
    our practices are merely peculiar to our
    society.

    2. We learned to think of some types of


    conduct as acceptable, and others we
    have learned to reject. Our moral values
    project our own prejudices. Our
    preferences are results of cultural

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