Q3 W6 MELC 17 Evidences of Evolution Part1 SY23 24

Quarter 3 Week
6
MELC 17
Explain how fossil records,
comparative anatomy and
genetic information provide
evidence for evolution.
Evidence of
Evolution
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are expected
to:
1. Understand how evolution is being studied
from the fossil record and molecular data.
2. Give the importance of understanding the
origin of life.
3. Discuss how natural selection promotes
expression and propagation of traits and
species
that adapt with the changing environment.
Icebreaker: Fastest Finger
EVOLUTION WORD SEARCH
 ADAPT
 DARWIN
 EVIDENCE
 EXTINCT
 FITTEST
 FOSSIL
 INHERIT
 LAMARCK
 NATURAL
 OFFSPRING
 SELECTION
 SPECIES
 SURVIVAL
 VARIATION
Icebreaker: Fastest Finger
EVOLUTION WORD SEARCH
 ADAPT
 DARWIN
 EVIDENCE
 EXTINCT
 FITTEST
 FOSSIL
 INHERIT
 LAMARCK
 NATURAL
 OFFSPRING
 SELECTION
 SPECIES
 SURVIVAL
 VARIATION
Do you know
why dinosaurs
no longer exist
today?
Such extinction
of dinosaurs or
other organisms
were caused by
environmental
factors or human
activities.
“The only thing
that is constant
is change. ”
-
Heraclitus
Many people may agree because
changes are evident in the
surroundings and one of these is
evolution.
In the past lesson, we learned that
heredity is possible because of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that carries
the genetic information of living things. It
carries all the essential information
needed by every cell to function. DNA has
its components and replicates itself so
that they could carry out their cellular
functions. On the other hand, protein
synthesis is the process of making protein
dictated by the DNA. We also learned that
genetic mutations are caused by
irregularities in the DNA sequence. Now
that we know something about heredity,
we can now understand how DNA became
Evolution
• What is evolution?
• How do we know living things have
changed over time?
• What evidence do we have?
Evolution
Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a

species over several generations and relies on the
process of natural selection.
This can only be observed after a long period

of time. It is the reason why organisms come in
different shapes and sizes, why some animals
can fly or swim, why flowers have different
colors, and why humans look the way they do.
Evolution
• Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution states
that evolution happens by natural selection.
• The theory of evolution by natural selection,

first formulated in Darwin's book "On the
Origin of Species" in 1859.
• It is the process by which organisms

change over time as a result of changes in
heritable physical or behavioral traits.
Changes that allow an organism to better
adapt to its environment will help it survive
and have more offspring.
Charles Robert Darwin
English naturalist, geologist
and biologist
What is Natural Selection?
• Individuals in a species show variation in
physical characteristics. This variation is
because of differences in their genes.
• Evolution by natural selection is one of the best

substantiated theories in the history of science,
supported by evidence from a wide variety of
scientific disciplines, including paleontology,
geology, genetics and developmental biology.
• Evolution happen in large or small scale.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w56u2gv8XLs
Charles Robert Darwin

English naturalist, geologist
and biologist
Evolution
Biologist sometimes define two types of evolution
based on scale:
1. Macroevolution –
refers to large-scale
changes that occur
over extended time
period, such as
formation of new
species and groups.
2. Microevolution –
refers to small
scale changes that
affect just one or a
few genes in
populations over
shorter timescales.
Evidence of Evolution
The last shore-dwelling ancestor of modern whales was Sinonyx, top

left, a hyena-like animal. Over 60 million years, several transitional
forms evolved: from top to bottom, Indohyus, Ambulocetus,
Rodhocetus, Basilosaurus, Dorudon, and finally, the modern humpback
whale. (Image credit: NOAA)
SOURCES OF EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
• Organisms inhabiting the earth have changed
overtime, their structures, traits, and abilities
allowed them to adapt and survive in their
environment.
1. Evidence from Fossil Records
Have you ever seen fossils of any organism?
• Fossils are examples of evidences that
paleontologists use in studying
evolution. Paleontologist is a person
who studies fossils.
• They are traces of organisms that lived
in the past and were preserved by
natural process or catastrophic events.
• They can be remains of organisms
which include bones, shells, teeth and
also feces, embedded in rocks, peat,
resin, and ice.
• Most fossils were commonly found in
sedimentary rocks, while the others are
trapped in amber (fossilized tree resin).
1. Evidence from Fossil Records
• Fossils allow
scientists to
show how
species have
changed over
time.
• Fossils help us
connect
species over
time so we can
see how they
changed.
Whale Evolution
Determining the age of fossils
Do you know how a paleontologist usually determines
the age of a fossil?
A. Relative Dating
• Geologists in the late 18th and early 19th
century studied rock layers and the fossils in
them to determine relative age.
• Relative dating is a method used to determine
the age of the rocks by comparing them with the
rocks in the other layers. The younger rock is
found on the top layer and the older rock is
found in bottom layer.
• Relative dating method depends upon the
assumption that the age of a fossil is based on
the relative age of the rock from which they are
found.
Activity 1A: Where Do I Belong?
Try to place the fossils of the following organisms in the Era and
period where they belong.
Dinosaurs
Crinoids
Vascular plants
Trilobites
Trilobites
Q1. Analyze the

table above.
Which is
assumed to be
the oldest
organism?
Why do you think
so? What is the
probable age of
the fossil?
Q2. In what era

could you
possibly find the
most recent
fossil? Why do
you say so?
B. Absolute Dating
• Done by checking the amount of radioactive
carbon-14 in the fossil.
• Carbon-14 breaks down or decays to form

nitrogen-14; the rate of this decay is constant
Example: half of the remaining Carbon-14

breaks down every 5730 years.
Activity 1B: What’s My Age?
Use the information below to answer the age of the fossils.
Q1. What is the

oldest fossil?
Q2. Why is it
5730
important to
know the age
of the fossil?
The age of the

11460 fossil will
determine the
particular era or
period the
organisms
17190 existed on earth.
• The examination of layers of rocks and dating fossils
allowed scientists to develop the Geologic Time Scale.
The Geologic Time Scale proposes the major events in
the earth’s history. It also suggests the appearance of
various kinds of organisms in a particular period of time
on earth.
• Using the GTS, scientists have estimated that the Earth

is about 4.5 billion years old and divided this into a
series of units based on the order in which different
groups of rocks and fossils were formed namely: Eon,
Era, Period, and Epochs.
• Era is the largest division of the Geologic Time Scale,

namely Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and
Cenozoic. Each Era is further divided into Period.

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Quarter 3 Week

Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a

This can only be observed after a long period

• The theory of evolution by natural selection,

• It is the process by which organisms

• Evolution by natural selection is one of the best

• Evolution happen in large or small scale.

Charles Robert Darwin

The last shore-dwelling ancestor of modern whales was Sinonyx, top

Q1. Analyze the

Q2. In what era

• Carbon-14 breaks down or decays to form

Example: half of the remaining Carbon-14

Q1. What is the

The age of the

• Using the GTS, scientists have estimated that the Earth

• Era is the largest division of the Geologic Time Scale,

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