IT Infrastructure II

IIMT2601 Management Information Systems

HKU Business School
The University of Hong Kong

Instructor: Dr. Shengjun Mao

Agenda
• Opensource Software (OSS)
• Introduction
• LAMP stack
• Cloud computing
• Internet of Things (IoT)

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OSS – introduction Opensource: the source code is open to the public

• OpenSource Software (OSS) is contrary to proprietary software.

• It is developed by organizations or a community of developers.
• Its source code is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants
users the rights to use, study, change, and distribute the software to anyone and
for any purpose.

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OSS – introduction
Proprietary Software Opensource Software
Windows Ubuntu/Linux
Microsoft Office Open Office
iOS Android
IE/Safari Firefox/Chromium chromium is OS
WinRAR VS 7-Zip
Visio Dia
Photoshop Gimp
AutoCAD for 3d modelling FreeCAD
SPSS PSPP
……

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OSS – introduction
• OSS is widely used by computer programmers.
• One of the largest repositories of opensource projects is GitHub. It is a large
repository for open source projects
• It enables developers develop their open source projects.
• Developers share their project source code on this platform.
• Others can freely download, contribute, and redistribute.

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OSS – introduction

OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE

Obtained with its source code Purchased without its source code

Free of charge Purchase or subscribe

Can install freely License required

Users can modify the software Users cannot modify the software

Can be hosted anywhere Typically hosted by the creator

Creators may provide no support Full support from vendors

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OSS – introduction

What are the problems of OSS?

Support cost
Administrative cost
Quality assurance
Legal issues
…

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 OSS – introduction
• Total Cost of Ownership (TCO): overall cost of a product or service throughout its
life circle (cost of acquisition + cost of operation).
• OSS vendors make money from providing support and consulting services etc. as
well as selling ads.

Source: https://www.3stepit.com/blog/what-is-total-cost-of-ownership 8
OSS – LAMP

Consider yourself developing a mobile app to the public usage,

what software/applications do you need to accomplish this task?

• Technology stacks are sets of individual components that form a complete

environment for application development.
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OSS – LAMP
• LAMP stack is a web service solution stacks of four opensource software.
• Linux: operating system
• Apache: web server
• MySQL: database
• Python/PHP/Perl : programming language
• LAMP stack powers many of e-commerce websites, social network sites such as
Facebook and YouTube

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Image source: https://phoenixnap.com/kb/what-is-a-lamp-stack
The Cloud Computing
Can just rent instead of purchasing
• Cloud computing relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local
servers or personal devices to handle the operation.
• Cloud computing is not new and not far away.
• We are accessing the cloud all the time.
• Examples:
• Gmail
• Microsoft Office 365
• Wolfram Alpha
• Prezi
• Google Drive
• …

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Cloud Computing
• In most cloud computing services, data is sent to remote processors via the
Internet, the process is completed, and the resulting data is sent back.
• The cloud enables individuals and companies to consume computing resources as
a utility - just like electricity - rather than having to build and maintain computing
infrastructures in-house.

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Cloud Computing
• Three levels of computing resources correspond to three levels of cloud services.

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

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Source: wikipedia
Cloud Computing
Data is not a computing resource, processing data is part of cloud computing

• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
• Full application stack as a cloud service is provided to users through a thin client interface (usually a
browser)
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• Hardware and software resources needed for cloud application development, e.g., LAM, development
tools, APIs, software libraries
• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
• On-demand access to compute, storage, networking, and virtualization via virtual machine instances

Service Type Common Examples

SaaS Google Workspace, Microsoft office 365, Salesforce, GoToMeeting
PaaS AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Microsoft Azure, Google App Engine, Apache Stratos, OpenShift
AWS EC2, Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine(GCE), DigitalOcean, Linode,
IaaS
Rackspace, Cisco Metapod

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Cloud Computing
• Enterprises using the cloud

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 Pro: Can work from almost anywhere
Cloud Computing Con: is dependent in the internet, cybersecurtiy

Pro: AWS or Alibaba cloud has

• The cloud in organizations specific places to maintain
data
Otherwise need cooling
system and location
If you have ur own, you have
to have a big capacity for
when there is more activity
When there ia not much
activity it is useless

Need a team to maintain

servers if you have it by
When something goes wrong specific yourself
team member will help With service vendor they
Con: if the company does not will give you support
represent quickly
Hackers usually target cloud and can 16
affect many businesses
Cloud Computing

potential problems?

Have to follow the way vendor uses the system,

Vendor lock-in have to follow their rules -> if you don’t there
may be issues
Data privacy
Compatibility or integration with other systems
Rely on network connection
…

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Internet of Things

What do you want to connect to the internet if possible?

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Internet of Things
• A thing, in the Internet of Things, can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a
farm animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors
to alert the driver when tire pressure is low.
• A sensor is not a machine. It doesn’t do anything in the same sense that a
machine does. It measures, it evaluates; in short, it gathers data.
• Cloud-based applications are the key to using leveraged data.
• It’s built on cloud computing and networks of data-gathering sensors.

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Internet of Things
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is an environment in which objects, animals or
people are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a
network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
Examples: WeRun, FitApp, AppleWatch, package tracking system

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Internet of Things
• Perception layer: interact with the
environment
• Network Layer: discovers, connects and
translate perception layer to the application
layer
• Application layer: store and process data,
provide services and functionalities

• IoT explained

Source: NetBurner https://www.netburner.com/learn/architectural-frameworks-in-the-iot-civilization/

Internet of Things
• Applications of IoT

Source: https://vizah.ch/en/developing-iot-applications-best-technologies-and-tools-for-iot-developers/
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• Thanks!
• The end.