CSC 101

Introduction to
Computing

Lecture 4
Muhammad Salman Ali

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Last Lecture Summary I
 Parts of the Computer System
 Hardware
 Software
 Data
 People
 Information Processing Cycle
 Input
 Processing
 Output
 Storage

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Last Lecture Summary II
 Computer Hardware
 Processor, Memory, Motherboard
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Communication devices
 Storage Devices
 Magnetic storage devices, Floppy Hard disk
 Optical storage devices, CD, DVD, Blu Ray
 Computer Software
 System software and Application software
 Computer Users
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 Using the input devices
 CPU is computer brain the input
devices are its sensory organs
 From user point of view, input device
are important
 Enables user to enter information and
commands into the computer
 Two common input devices
 Keyboard
 Mouse

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 Input Devices
 Hardware used to enter data and
instructions

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 Two Common Input Devices

 Keyboard

 Mouse

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The Keyboard
 First peripheral to be used with computers
 The most common input device for
inputting text and numbers
 About 100 keys
 Must be proficient with keyboard
 Skill is called keyboarding

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Standard Keyboard
Layout
 IBM Enhanced Keyboard with 101 keys

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 Five Groups of Keys
 Alphanumeric Keys
 Modifier Keys
 Numeric Keypad
 Function Keys
 Cursor Movement keys

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10
Alphanumeric Keys
 Area of computer that looks like
a typewriter
 Sometimes called QWERTY
 Keys having specific functions
 Tab
 Caps Lock
 Backspace
 Enter

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Modifier Keys
 Shift
 Alt (Alternate)
 Ctrl (Control)
 Modify the input of other keys

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 Numeric Keypad
 usually located on the
right side of the
keyboard,
 Has 10 digits and
mathematical operators
(+, -, *, and /).
 also features a NumLock
key
 On - forces the numeric
keys to input numbers.
 Off - perform cursor
movement control and
other functions.
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Function Keys
 labeled F l, F2, and so on
 in a row along the top of the keyboard.
 allow you to input commands without
typing long strings of characters or
navigating menus or dialog boxes.
 Each key's purpose depends on the
program you are using.
 Many programs use function keys
along with modifier keys to give the
function keys more capabilities.

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Cursor Movement Keys
 let you move around the screen without
using a mouse.
 Cursor is a mark on the screen
indicates where the characters you type
will be entered
 Arrow Keys
 Home and End
 PgUp and PgDn

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Special Purpose Keys
 Esc (Escape)
 Insert
 Delete
 PrtSc (Print Screen)
 ScrLk (Scroll Lock)
 Pause
 Two special for Microsoft Windows
 Start
 Shortcut

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Internet and Multimedia
Controls
One of the latest trends is the addition of Internet and
multimedia controls.
 Microsoft's Internet Keyboard and MultiMedia
Keyboard,
 e.g. you can use the buttons to launch a Web browser,
check e-mail and start your most frequently used programs.
 Multimedia buttons
 control the computer’s CD-ROM or DVD drive
 adjust the speaker volume

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How Keyboard Works
 Key is pressed on keyboard
 Keyboard controller detects a key press
 Keeps the code in its memory, Keyboard
buffer
 Code represents the key pressed
 Controller notifies the operating system
via an interrupt
 Operating system responds the
interrupt by the reading the code from
buffer
 OS passes the code to CPU
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Dvorak Keyboards
 For people who type with one hand or
finger
 Reduce the amount of motion required to
type common English text
 Increase typing rate
 Reduced errors
 But Qwerty is still popular

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Dvorak Keyboards

• Both Hands

• Left Hand

• Right Hand

http://www.microsoft.com/enable/products/altkeyboard.aspx
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QWERTY Keyboard
Layout

Latham Sholes' 1878 QWERTY

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Non-standard layout and special-use

 Chorded keyboard

 Software or virtual keyboard

 Foldable keyboard

 Projection (as by Laser)

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Chorded Keyboard
 Associate actions with combinations of
key presses
 As many combinations available, chorded
keyboards can effectively produce more
actions on a board with fewer keys
 Court reporters mostly use them

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Software or Virtual Keyboards
 is a software component that allows a
user to enter characters.
 usually be operated with multiple input
devices,
 Touch screen,
 Actual keyboard and
 Mouse.

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Foldable Keyboards
 made of soft plastic or silicone
which can be rolled or folded
on itself for travel
 When in use, these keyboards
can conform to uneven
surfaces, and
 are more resistant to liquids
than standard keyboards.
 connected to portable devices
and smart phones.
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Projection Keyboard
 project an image of keys, usually with a laser,
onto a flat surface.
 The device then uses a camera or infrared
sensor to "watch" where the user's fingers
move
 Projection keyboards can simulate a full size
keyboard from a very small projector.

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Wireless Keyboard
 provides increased user freedom
 includes a required combination
transmitter and receiver unit that attaches
to the computer's keyboard port.
 The wireless aspect is achieved either by
radio frequency (RF) or by infrared (IR)
signals sent and received from both the
keyboard and the unit attached to the
computer.
 A wireless keyboard may use an industry
standard RF, called Bluetooth.
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The Mouse
 All modern computers have a variant
 Allows users to select objects
 Pointer moved by the mouse
 Mechanical mouse
 Rubber ball determines direction and speed
 The ball often requires cleaning
 Optical mouse
 Light shown onto mouse pad
 Reflection determines speed and direction
 Requires little maintenance

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The Mouse
mouse buttons
wheel
button

ball

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Optical Mouse

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 Benefits of Using Mouse
 Pointer positioning is fast

 Menu interaction is easy

 Users can draw electronically

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Interacting With a Mouse
 Actions involve pointing to an object
 Clicking selects the object
 Double clicking the object
 Clicking and holding drags the object
 Releasing an object is a drop
 Right clicking activates the shortcut
menu
 Modern mice include a scroll wheel

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Mouse Button
Configuration
 Configured for a right-handed user
 Can be reconfigured for left handed
 Between 1 and 6 buttons
 Extra buttons are configurable

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Cordless Keyboard and
Mouse
 Communicate with
a receiver attached
to a port on the
system unit
 Use infra-red (IR)
or radio frequency
(RF) technology

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Variants of the Mouse
 Trackballs
 Upside down mouse
 Hand rests on the ball
 User moves the ball
 Uses little desk space
 Mostly two buttons
 Can be configured for both
 right-handed and
 Left-handed use

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Track Pads
 Stationary pointing device
 Small plastic rectangle
 Finger moves across the pad
 Pointer moves with the pointer
 Popular on laptops

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 Track Point
 Track point
 Little joystick on the
keyboard between
G, H & B keys
 Move pointer by
moving the joystick
 Two buttons
beneath Spacebar
same as mouse
 Save great of time
and effort

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 Summary
 Standard input devices
 Standard Keyboard
 Five groups of Keys
 How Keyboard works ?
 Dvorak Keyboard
 Non standard layout and Special Use
 The Mouse
 Five Techniques of using Mouse
 Variants of Mouse

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 Recommended Websites
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboard
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_Keys
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorded_keyboard
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Keyboard
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible_electronics
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection_keyboard
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_technology
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mouse
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trackball
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_mouse
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_point

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