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PV System

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Hebatallah Faisal
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8 views11 pages

PV System

Uploaded by

Hebatallah Faisal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF ADEN FACULITY

OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONIC & COMMUNICATION

DIY ARDUINO MPPT SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER


HISTORY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF
:PHOTOVOLTAICS
 Solar Energy in the 1800’s: The first solar panel was invented
by Charles Fritts in 1883 where he coated a thin layer of selenium
with an extremely thin layer of gold. The resulting cells had a
conversion electrical efficiency of only about 1%. This invention led
to the launching of a movement for producing solar energy.
 Solar Energy in the 1900’s: With the rise of semiconductors in
1941, Russel S Ohl described a process of forming silicon ingots
that led to the first P-N junction cell. Ohl cut a section from the
ingot including the top, barrier, and bottom portions, and attached
electrodes to the top and bottom portions, yielding the first silicon
solar cell.

 Solar Energy in the 2000’s: In the 1950s the world had less
than a watt of solar cells powering electrical equipment. Fast-
forward to the 21st century, 50 years of continued discovery and
development of silicon and other PV materials and still ongoing,
today solar panels provide electricity to millions of houses
worldwide, power up buildings, satellites and provide clean energy
all around the world.
Photovoltaic Panels
This whole process is called the photo electric effect. Solar cells
called photovoltaic which are made from thin slices of
crystalline silicon, gallium arsenide, or other semiconductor
materials which are capable of converting solar radiation
directly into electricity.

Solar panels use light energy from the sun to generate


electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic is a
method of generating electrical power by converting solar
radiation into direct current (dc) electricity, using
semiconductors that exhibit the PV effect.
A connected assembly of solar cells is known as a PV panel.
Solar energy is said to be very reliable as it is easy to predict
how much energy can be produced with PV solar panels.
Photovoltaic Cell Mode
Equivalent circuit of
PV cell

Current-voltage (I-V) curves are obtained by exposing the cell


to a constant level of light, while maintaining a constant cell
temperature, varying the resistance of the load, and
measuring the produced current. When an I-V curve is drawn
it normally passes through two points:
• Short-circuit current (Isc): this is the current produced
when the positive and negative
terminals of the cell are short-circuited (i.e., when the solar
cell is short circuited), and the voltage between the terminals
is zero, which corresponds to zero load resistance.
• Open-circuit voltage (Voc): this is the voltage across
the positive and negative terminals
under open-circuit conditions, when the current is zero, which
corresponds to infinite load resistance
Recently, research and development of low
cost solar panels, thin-film devices,
Problem concentrator systems, and many innovative
concepts have increased.
Stateme Nowadays, the costs of small solar-power
nt modular units and solar-power plants are
economically feasible for large-scale
production and use of solar energy.

The energy generated from the PV module is


mainly dependent on the temperature and
solar radiation.
Objectiv MPPT is used to extract the maximum power
es from the PV panel in order to maximize the
overall efficiency of the system, thereby
reducing the overall system cost.

In this work, a battery charger form

Project
photovoltaic (PV) solar cell with maximum
power point tracking is proposed.

Work The mathematical model was presented and


simulated. Design, implementation and
recommendation are done.
• The voltage and open • The current and short circuit
circuit voltage is not current is not substantially
substantially affected due affected due to changing
to changing levels of levels of temperature.
irradiance.
• MPP decreases with
• Power produced by the PV increase in temperature.
module varies greatly
depending on its
PWM Charge Controllers

Pulse-width modulation (PWM) comes into


play when the battery bank is full. During
charging, the controller allows as much
current as the PV panel/array can generate in
order to reach the target voltage for the
charge stage the controller is in. Once the
battery approaches this target voltage, the
charge controller quickly switches between
connecting the battery bank to the panel
array and disconnecting the battery bank,
which regulates the battery voltage holding it
constant. This quick switching is called PWM
and it ensures your battery bank is efficiently
charged while protecting it from being
overcharged by the PVMPPT Charge Controllers
panel/array.

Maximum power point tracking features an


indirect connection between the PV array
and the battery bank. The indirect
connection includes a dc/dc voltage
converter that can take excess PV voltage
and convert it into extra current at a lower
voltage without losing power.
Comparing PWM & MPPT
Charge Controllers
:Assume a certain PV system with the following ratings
Vmpp = 18 V
Impp = 6 A
Vb = 12 V

MPPT Charge controller: PWM Charge


controller:
P = [(Vmpp/Vb) * Impp]
* Vb P = Vb * Impp
P = Vmpp * Impp P = 12 * 6
P = [(18/12) * 6] * 12 P = 72 W
P = 18 * 6
P = 108 W
PWM Charge controller MPPT Charge controller

Smaller systems Larger systems


Nominal voltage of array matches Mismatched nominal voltages
battery bank voltage
Cost of increasing PV panel less Cost of increasing PV panel more
than extra cost of MPPT Charge than extra cost of MPPT Charge
controller controller

Less flexible and efficient More flexible and efficient

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