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Ch5 Computer Software

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86 views20 pages

Ch5 Computer Software

Uploaded by

Israa M Alqatow
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5

Computer Software – System


Software & Application Software
Dr. Khalid S. Rabayah

1
Outline
 Introduction

 The System Software


 Application Software

2
Objectives

Study the different kinds of computer software.


Explain the different functions of an operating system.
Be familiar with the most widely used operating systems.

3
System, application and programming
software
 System software helps run the computer hardware
and computer system. It includes operating systems,
device drivers, diagnostic tools, servers, windowing
systems(GUI) , utilities (Anti-Virus) and more.
 Application software allows a user to accomplish one
or more specific tasks. Typical applications include
office suites, business software, educational
software, databases and computer games.
 Programming software usually provides some useful
tools to help programmer to write computer
programs and software using different programming
language in a more convenient way. The tools
include text editor, compiler, interpreter, linker,
debugger, and so on.
4
Software classification

shell is the interface that allows the kernel is the core of the operating
users to communicate with the system that controls all the tasks5
Application Software
 Application software makes computer popular
and easy to use
 Common application software:
 Microsoft Word, WordPerfect
 PowerPoint
 Netscape, Internet Explorer
 Photoshop, Photo-Paint
 Quick Time
 Dreamweaver
…

6
System software: Operating System

Users Application programs

Operating system

hardware

Definition : An operating system is a


collection of programs that manages the
activities of the computer system.

7
Computer Software Relationships

User Interface Application Programs

User Interface Operating System

User Basic Input and Output Services (BIOS)


Interface • needed for a computer to boot up

Computer Hardware
8
ifferences Among Operating Systems

Command line
interfaces/ graphical
user interfaces

Personal/network
operating systems

Multiple
processors/shared
CPU to speed up
processing
9
Common Operating Systems for Desktop PCs and Servers-2
Windows: a series of graphical interface operating systems
developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.
Mac OS : is an icon-oriented operating system, and used with
Apple Macintosh computers.
Unix: PC and server operating system,
• Not built around any one particular family of
microprocessors,
• Variety of computers-from mainframes to PCs.
• Command-line operating system, newer versions use a
GUI.
Linux: Linux is a version of Unix originally created in 1991.
• Open-source software
• Traditionally a command-line operating system, some
versions now use a GUI.

10
Functions of the operating systems
 Boot up (start up) the computer and configure
devices
 Schedule programs for execution

 Coordinate the execution of programs

 Interface with users

 Manage system resources and jobs

 Monitor activities such as terminating programs

that perform illegal operations


 Keeping track of free disk space and memory

 Perform several computer security procedures

11
Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency
 Multitasking, the computer
can work on several programs
or tasks concurrently.
[edit one document while another program
is running]
 Multiprocessing: use of two

or more CPUs, linked together,


to perform work on different
programs at one time.

 Parallel processing where


multiple CPUs work on one job
at the same time

12
Batch processing

13
Time-sharing principle:

active programs in the system that need


processing, giving each one a small slice of
time on each cycle.

14
Operating System
Components
 Shell: Communicates with users
◦ Text based
◦ Graphical user interface (GUI)
 Kernel: Performs basic required functions

◦ File manager
◦ Device drivers
◦ Memory manager
◦ Scheduler and dispatcher .. Sec#3

15
The shell as an interface
between users and the
operating system

16
File Manager
 Directory (or
Folder): A user-
created bundle of
files and other
directories
(subdirectories)
 Directory Path: A

sequence of
directories within
directories
17
Memory Manager – Additional
OS Tasks
 Allocates space in main memory
 May create the illusion that the

machine has more memory than it


actually does (virtual memory) by
playing a “shell game” in which
blocks of data (pages) are shifted
back and forth between main
memory and mass storage

18
Getting it Started
(Bootstrapping)
 Bootstrap: Program in ROM
◦Run by the CPU when power is
turned on
◦Transfers operating system from
mass storage to main memory
◦Runs operating system

19
The booting process

20

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