Implicit Functions

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© Annie Patton
 Aim of Lesson

To establish, what is an
Implicit Function and
how to differentiate one.

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© Annie Patton
 Implicit Functions
• In functions like y=x2 +2x +3, y is
expressed in terms of x. This is called an
Explicit Function.
• In functions like x2 +4xy –y2 =2x, y is not
expressed in terms of x. This is called an
Implicit Function.

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© Annie Patton
Differentiate x2 +4xy –y2 =2x with
respect to x.
d(x 2 ) d(4xy) dy 2 d(2x)
+ - =
dx dx dx dx

dy dx dy 2 dy
2x+4(x +y )- =2
dx dx dy dx

dy dy
2x+4x +4y-2y =2
dx dx

dy dy 2-2x-4y
(4x-2y)=2-2x-4y =
dx dx 4x-2y
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© Annie Patton
 Method
• Differentiate each term with respect to x.
dy
• Bring all the terms with dx to one side.
• Find ,dyin terms of x and y.
dx

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© Annie Patton
Find the equation of the tangent to the
curve 3x2+y2=28 at the point (2,-4)
Leaving Certificate Higher No 7(b) (1) Paper 1 2007

dy
First we needfind the slope or
dx
2 2
dx dy dy
3 + =0
dx dy dx
dy
6x  2 y 0
dx dy 6 3
dy 6x 3x At the point (2,-4) =- =
dx
=-
2y
=-
y
dx -4 2
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© Annie Patton
Find the equation of the tangent to the
curve 3x2+y2=28 at the point (2,-4) 10 y
continued

Start clicking when you want to see the answer.

5
dy 3 3
As  , the slope is equal to .
dx 2 2
3 –6 –4 –2 2 4
So the equation is y  ( 4)  ( x  2)
2

2( y  4) 3( x  2) –5

3 x  2 y  14 0 –10

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© Annie Patton
 Find the slope of the tangent to the curve xy 2 +y=6
at the point (1,2) .
Start clicking when you want to see the answer.4 y

2 3

dxy dy d 6
  2

dx dx dx 1

dy 2 2 dx dy x

x y  0 5 10 15

dx dx dx –1

2
dy dy dy
–2

2
x y  0 –3

dy dx dx –4

dy  y2 4 4
  
dy dy dx 2 xy  1 4  1 5
x2 y   y 2
dx dx the slope of the tangent
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© Annie Patton
 1 1 1 dy
Given + = , find the value of at the point (2,-3).
x y 6 dx
Leaving Certificate Higher No 7(b) (ii) Paper 1 2003
1 1 1 Start clicking when you want to see the answer.
d d d
x  y 4 y

 6
dx dx dx 3

dx  1 dy  1 dy
 0
1

dx dy dx – 10 10

–1

2 2dy –2

 1x  ( 1) y 0
dx –3

–4

1 1 dy
 2  2 dy y2
 2 at (2,-3)= 
9
x y dx dx x 4 Next Slide
© Annie Patton
Find the slope of the curve
x 2 y  xy 2 2
Start clicking when you want to see the answer.

dx 2 y dxy 2 dy dy 2
 0 x 2
 y2x  x  1 y 2 0
dx dx dx dx

dy dy 2
dy dy
2 2 dy
x2  2 xy  y 2  x 0 x  2 xy  y  2 yx 0
dx dy dx dx dx

dy 2 dy  y 2  2 xy
2
( x  2 yx)  y  2 xy  2 the slope
dx dx x  2 yx
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 sin x
Differentiate y=
1-cos x
Start clicking when you want to see the answer.

sin x dy 2 dy dy
2
y  =2y
1  cos x dy dx dx

dy (1-cos x)(cos x)-sin x(0-(-sin x))

2y =
dx (1-cos x) 2

dy cos x-cos 2 x-sin 2 x cos x-1 1

2y = 2
= 2
=-
dx (1-cos x) (1-cos x) 1-cos x
dy 1  1  1  1 
=  =  - 
dx 2y  1-cosx  sinx  1-cosx 
2
1-cosx
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 A 20m ladder leans against a wall. The top slides down at the rate of
4 m/sec. How fast is the bottom of the ladder moving, when it is 16m
from the wall?

Start clicking when you want to see the answer.

dx 2 dy 2
 0
x 2  y 2 202 dt dt
20
dx dy
y 2x  2 y 0
dy dt dt
 4
dt dx dy
x y 0
x dt dt

dx
When x=16 16  12( 4) 0
dt
y= (20) 2  (16) 2 12 dx
3m / sec
dt

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© Annie Patton
 Implicit Functions
• In functions like y=x2 +2x +3, y is
expressed in terms of x. This is called an
Explicit Function.
• In functions like x2 +4xy –y2 =2x, y is not
expressed in terms of x. This is called an
Implicit Function.

© Annie Patton