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DNA Mutations

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Cheska Joson
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5 views26 pages

DNA Mutations

Uploaded by

Cheska Joson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DNA structure

DNA
It is a long, thin molecule made of proteins
and nucleotides, in one chromosome it
has one of millions of base pairs and
hundreds or thousands of genes that code
for a
variety of different proteins.
DNA structure
Base pairing rules
Mutations
in Human
Mutations
This occurs when a DNA gene is
damaged or changed in such
a way as to alter the genetic
message carried by the gene.
-A mutation is a change in the DNA
sequence of an organism.

-Mutations can result from errors in DNA


replication during cell division, exposure
to mutagens or a viral infection.
Germline mutations (that occur
in eggs and sperm) can be passed
on to offspring.

Somatic mutations (that occur in


body cells) are not passed on.
The causes of mutations
1. DNA spontaneously breaks
down or is not copied accurately.

2. External influences can cause


mutations.
Hereditary mutations include cystic fibrosis,
hemophilia, and sickle cell disease.

Mutagens are agents that cause alteration in the DNA and


can lead to permanent mutations in the DNA sequence
depending on the ability of an organism to repair the damage.

Examples of mutagens are radioactive substances, x-rays,


ultraviolet radiation, and certain chemicals or drugs
Hereditary mutations include cystic fibrosis,
hemophilia, and sickle cell disease.
TYPES OF MUTATIONS
Substitution
A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for
another (i.e., a change in a single “chemical letter” such
as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could:
Insertion
- Insertions are mutations in which extra base pairs
are inserted into a new place in the DNA.
Deletion
Deletions are mutations in which a section of DNA is lost,
or deleted.
Frameshift
Since protein-coding DNA is divided into codons three
bases long, insertions and deletions can alter a gene so
that its message is no longer correctly parsed. These
changes are called frameshifts.
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