4 PICS 1 WORD

LET’S PLAY
 ______ ______ ______ _____ ______

A C L U I D O S
AUDIO
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

M I O T I N P O
D I E M I A S U
MOTION MEDIA
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

AUDI0 AND MOTION DIMENSION OF

INFORMATION AND MEDIA
OBJECTIVES

1. Identify types and formats of recorded sound and recording equipment

2. Explain principles of sound design
3. Explain concepts and principles of motion media
4. Apply sound and motion media principles through an audio-visual
presentation.
AUDIO MEDIA

• Sound is an essential components of media.Your choice of sound and means of

sound production can make or break the information you wish to convey.

• An audio media is form of media communication that uses audio or voice

recording as medium in the delivery of information.
Principles of Sound

• Frequency - determines the pitch of a sound, Higher frequencies make higher

notes. Hertz (Htz)

• Amplitude – determines the volume or intensity of a sound

wave. Decibel (dB)
AUDIO MEDIA
Sound is essential component of media. Your choice of sound and means of sound
production can make or break the information you wish to convey. The sounds that
are used in multimedia presentations come in different types. What are these?
Marshall (2001) cites three:
1. Music often elicits emotions and arousal from listeners Calvert (2014). It is effective in
mood setting and stimulates listeners in performing various personal tasks such as
studying and meditating, as well as social functions like for courtship rituals, for the
creation and maintenance of friendships, as a topic of conversation, and as a way to
encourage dancing (Robert & Christenson, 2001 on Calvert 2014). Adolescents use
music primarily for mood regulation (Christenson & Roberts, 1998). Females consider
music as a means to improve their mood or dwell on melancholic emotions, while
males are more likely to use music for excitement.(Larson, Kubey, & Colletti, 1989, on
Calvert, 2014)

2. Sound effects makes specific points, provides hint to the setting in the absence of
visual (e.g., squeaky doors, explosions, rustling leaves, etc.)
Sound effect are grouped into four (Schneider, 2009)

a) Hard sound- Those that appear on screen and are synchronized to the picture,
recorded directly as what they are.

b) Foley sounds- Equally synchronized on screen but are not the original sound as what
they appear to be. That means that they are recorded and mixed to appear as another
sound on screen.

c) Background sound- All sounds that indicate ambience setting. They do not need to be
synchronized to the picture. Ambience sounds are usually recorded in real life
application in nature and then mixed. Common background effects include weather
ambience and forest ambience, traffic sounds, etc.

d) Design sound- Describe a palette of sounds that usually do not occur in nature (laser
weapon). They may be created from scratch with various audio editing tools and with
the help of effect processors.
AUDIO MEDIA
3. Narration is spoken message that often gives the most direct information. This is the
most essential content in some media formats, such as audiobooks designed for the
visuality-impaired people or for these who want an alternative listening experience in
novels and other traditional reading content.

Henriques (2018) says that there are four types of narration.

a) Fully- Voiced Reading ( solo narration)

Probably the most recognized style of reading. All of the characters are vocalized in a
dramatic fashion or in
a way that makes the characters distinguishable from one another, maintained
throughout the entire audiobook and usually all done by one voice actor/narrator.

b) Partially-Voiced Reading ( solo narration)

Made when the voiced production (usually done by one narrator) focuses on giving
certain characters a distinguishable voice most commonly the protagonists or any
character who has a distinctive voice in the narration.
AUDIO MEDIA

c) Unvoiced Reading (solo narration)

The narrator reads the story in a natural, more straightforward tone. There
are no changes in voice for different characters. The story is told in the
narrator’s voice and the whole book is usually voiced by one voice actor.

d) Multicast Reading/ Full Cast Readings

There is more than one voice actor hired to read the audiobook. This can
range from two characters (duet narration) or more.
 AUDIO FILE FORMATS
Sound comes in various digital formulas. Schmidt (2020) posts 7 popular audio file
types in www.canto.com
1. M4A is an mpeg-4 audio file or audio-compressed file used because of increased quality demand as a
result of cloud storage and bigger hard drive space in contemporary computers. It is preferred due to its
high quality.

2. FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) is an audio file compressed into a smaller size of the original file. It
is not frequently used compared to other sound file formats because it often needs special downloads to
function. The advantage of FLAC is, being a lossless audio file, its compression can save size and promote
sharing of an audio file while being able to return to the original quality standard.

3. MP3 is an MPEG audio layer 3 file format preferred because its compression saves valuable space
while maintaining near-flawless quality of the original source of sound. MP3’s high quality and small size is
very popular for all mobile audio-playing devices. It is compatible with nearly every device capable of
reading audio files. The MP3 is probably best used for extensive audio file sharing due to its manageable
size. It also works well for websites that host audio files.
 AUDIO FILE FORMATS
4. MP4 is an audio file type is a comprehensive media extension, capable of holding audio, video and other media.
The MP4 contains data in the file, rather than code. This is important to note as MP4 files require different codecs to
implement the code artificially and allow it to be read.

5. WAV is a Waveform Audio File that stores waveform data. The waveform data stored demonstrates strength of
volume and sound in specific parts of the WAV file. It is entirely possible to transform a WAV file using compression,
though it is not standard. WAV is typically used on Windows systems. They are usually
uncompressed audio files, though it’s not a requirement of the format.

6. WMA (Windows Media Audio) is Windows-based alternative to the more common and popular MP3 file type. Its
advantage is its lossless compression, retaining high audio quality throughout all types of restructuring processes.
Despite its quality, it is not the most popular do to its inaccessibility to many users, especially those who don’t use the
Windows operating system.

7. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is an audio file that delivers decently high-quality sound and is enhanced using
advanced coding. It has never been one of the most popular audio formats, especially when it comes to music files,
but the AAC does still serve some purpose for major systems. This includes popular mobile devices and video gaming
units, where the AAC is a standard audio component.
 Some Tips for Low-Cost Sound Designing
1. Never underestimate the power of natural sound.
6. Balance layers of sound.
2. Create your own sound bank.
3. Go for original music, otherwise, search for royalty free music.
4. Eliminate unnecessary noise as much as possible.

5. Be careful with your voice recordings.

 Motion
Media
Movement is another dimension that affects media and information. Every single movement
that is incorporated in a video production contributes to the storytelling process or to elicit
the desired emotions from the viewers. The Nashville Film Institute (2020) lists down the
following purposes of movement in a video.

1. Creating dynamic scenes

Consider the camera as the viewer’s eyes on a story; therefore, how the camera moves dictates
how the viewers see a scene. Movements can make a scene more interesting. Say for instance a
basketball scene wherein the camera moves inside the court throughout the game. It conveys
the idea that the viewer is one of the players in the game. On the other hand, that same basketball
scene shot from afar makes the viewer a spectator of the game. Which of these two is more
exciting?
 Motion
Media
2. Influencing audiences’ emotional reactions :
As movement stands for the audience’s view, it can also influence emotions.
Shooting a gang war scene with shaky hand-held camera lets the audience feel
the chaos of the event, swaying the camera on a boat scene commands seasickness. I
remember watching “Saving Private Ryan” which begins with a
prolonged war scene perfectly executed with hand-held camera tracking the
struggle of soldiers in the epic Battle of Normandy. The movement was so
disturbing and dizzying, I just prayed war would stop soon.

3. Directing audiences’ attention:

Camera movements can hide audiences’ vision and pull audiences away from
certain elements on-screen.
 Motion
Media
4. Controlling reveals:
Adding camera movements is also a great way to provide narrative information,
reveal new subjects that were once offscreen, and even foreshadow or create
ironic tension that characters are unaware of.
 Basic Camera Movement

c
The camera is the basic equipment to
record movement. Other devices, like
the tripod, sliders, gimbal, dolly, and
drone contribute to the quality of the
captured video. They can be improvised,
though. All it takes in a bit of creativity to
get things done.

Clark (2016) mentions

six basic movements that are doable even
with minimal equipment:
 Basic Camera Movement
1. Dolly
The name comes from the tracks be laid down for the heavy camera to

c
move along. The phrase dolly-in means step towards the subject with the camera,
while dolly-out means to step backwards with the camera, keeping the zoom the
same. This type of camera movement is often used to focus on a character when
they’re lost in thought or when they’ve come to a sudden realization. (NFI, 2020)

2. Pedestal
Moving the camera up or down without changing its vertical or
horizontal axis. A camera operator can do two types of pedestals: pedestal up
means “move the camera up;” pedestal down means “move the camera
down.” This movement is best used to shoot a tall character or subject. To use it
effectively, move the entire camera up or down on a tripod with respect to the
subject. (NFI, 2020)
 Basic Camera Movement

3. Truck

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It is like dollying , but it involves motion left or right. Truck left means
“move the camera physically to the left while maintaining its perpendicular
relationship.” Trucking is often used during action sequences when you want to
keep the camera on a moving character. (NFI, 2020)

4. Pan
Moving the camera lens to one side or another, as if you are looking
from left to right or vice versa. Panning can help you establish the location of a
scene or let you follow a moving character. Panning can also help you reveal
things that were previously off-screen. (NFI, 2020).
 Basic Camera Movement

c
5. Tilt
Moving the cameras lens up or down while keeping its horizontal axis
constant, as if you are nodding. Tilting the camera can also help you reveal an
object or person that was not on screen before and add an element of surprise
to the scene you’re setting. (NFI, 2020)

6. Roll
Moving the camera onto its side is a roll, the way a dog does when he
doesn't understand. This is a very rare movement, and one you should only
use for very specific purposes.
Basic Camera Movement

c
 Basic Camera Movement
Here are some other useful camera movement styles.

7. Zoom

c
This technique allows you to move closer (zoom in) or farther an object
(zoom out) without physically moving the camera (Leu, 2020). Instead, the
camera’s lens does the job. This might lessen the image’s quality, that is why the
dolly becomes a better option.

8. Following
shot This is a type of tracking shot in which the camera continuously
follows the subject’s action. (Leu, 2020). Following shots using handheld camera
results to bumpy or shaky video, which may convey a realistic sense. Steadicams
and gimbals may be used to create smoother following shots, but if you do not
have this, you can still opt for the hand-held style, but stay relaxed to avoid the
shakes. To execute this, I normally bend my knees a bit to lessen the impact of walking.
QUIZ BEE
Directions: Choose the correct answer

1. Synchronized on screen sound that is not the original sound as

what they appear to be

A. Foley B. Hard sound C. Background sound

Answer: A
Directions: Choose the correct answer

2. Ambiance sound, or the sound incorporated to establish the

environment or surroundings of a scene

A. Foley B. Hard sound C. Background sound

Answer: C
Directions: Choose the correct answer

3. The style of solo-narrator reading where all of the characters are

vocalized in a dramatic fashion

A. Multicast B. Unvoiced C. Fully-voiced reading

Reading Reading

Answer: C
Directions: Choose the correct answer

4. An MPEG file format preferred for its small size and near-flawless
sound quality

A. M4A B. MP3 C. FLAC

Answer: B
Directions: Choose the correct answer

5. An audio file type is a comprehensive media extension, capable

of holding audio, video and other media.

A. MP4 B. MP3 C. M4A

Answer: A
Directions: Choose the correct answer

6. Moving the camera lens to one side or another, as if looking from left
to right or vice versa

A. Pan B. Dolly C. Truck

Answer: A
Directions: Choose the correct answer

7. A type of tracking shot in which the camera continuously follows the

subject’s action

A. Roll B. Zoom C. Following shot

Answer: C
Directions: Choose the correct answer

8. Moving the camera up or down without changing its vertical or

horizontal axis

A. Tilt B. Pedestal C. Dolly

Answer: B
Directions: Choose the correct answer

9. Moving the camera lens up and down as if nodding

A. Tilt B. Truck C. Pan

Answer: A
Directions: Choose the correct answer

10.A movement similar to dolly but with sideward motion

A. Dolly B. Truck C. Roll

Answer: B
 THANK YOU
REPORTER: Rica Fernando
Jerimiah Nuyles
Jonard Palattao
Aizelle Domingo
References

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References

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